提升“三区三州”农牧民素质与巩固拓展脱贫成果——基于甘南藏族自治州和天祝县3471个农牧民样本的实证研究

Enhancing the Quality of Farmers and Herdsmen and Consolidating and Expanding Poverty Alleviation Achievements in“Three Districts and Three Prefectures”——An Empirical Study Based on 3471Samples of Farmers and Herdsmen in Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture and Tianzhu County

甘肃甘南藏族自治州和天祝县属于“三区三州”范围,2020年底全面脱贫后,该区域仍是巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果和推进乡村振兴的重点监测区域。以案例区域3471个成年农牧民样本为例,对劳动力素质基本状况进行调研统计,认为过去因劳动力素质较低而形成的“低收入—劳动力素质低—低收入”的循环,在今后一段时期内仍会存在,并影响巩固拓展脱贫成果。故得出:必须将劳动力素质提升作为关键措施,在改善该区域劳动力素质方面作长期规划,绵绵用力、久久为功,持久性培育、开发及改善这些区域的劳动力素质;必须因地施策,开展以提升农牧民劳动力素质为主的政策支持,重点支持发展教育事业和提升医疗服务水平;必须进一步激发“三区三州”等地的内生发展动力,从“输血式”扶持逐步转变为“造血式”发展,以期逐渐形成新的“劳动力素质提升—收入持续增长—巩固拓展脱贫成果和乡村振兴”的良性循环。

Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture and Tianzhu County are in the range of“Three Districts and Three Prefectures”;being fully out of poverty in the end of 2020,the very area is still the key monitoring area to consolidate and expand the poverty alleviation achievements and promote the rural revitalization.Based on 3471sample of farmers and herdsmen in the very area,the article conducts an academic statistic about the basic situation of labor quality,and holds that the circle of“low income-low labor quality-low income”,caused by low labor quality in the past,will remain for some time in the future and influence the achievements of consolidating and expanding poverty alleviation achievements.The article concludes that:the enhancement of labor quality should be the key measure;as for the improvement of labor quality in this area,we should work hard for long so as to constantly nurture,develop and better the labor quality in this area.In accordance with local situations,measures should be taken to offer policy support to enhance the labor quality of these farmers and herdsmen,attach great importance to the development of educational cause and improving the medical service.The endogenous development drive should be further motivated in this area,the“blood transfusion”support should be gradually transformed into“blood-making”development so as to gradually develop the new benign circle of“labor quality enhancement-constant income increase-consolidating and expanding poverty alleviation achievements and rural revitalization”.