摘要
【目的】探索甘肃地区食用向日葵自然授粉条件下制种的最佳配套栽培技术措施。【方法】以杂交种ZH9018的不育系9063A和恢复系A1361R为试验材料,采取裂区设计,主区为种植密度,设4个水平:34500、40500、46500、52500株/hm^(2);副区为肥料,在每种施肥配置均施底肥复合肥450 kg/hm^(2)的基础上,设3个水平:现蕾期和灌浆期各追施尿素150 kg/hm^(2),现蕾期追施尿素150 kg/hm^(2)+硫酸钾45 kg/hm^(2)、灌浆期追施尿素150 kg/hm^(2),现蕾期及灌浆期均追施尿素150 kg/hm^(2)+硫酸钾45 kg/hm^(2)。调查相关性状,于收获期测产,并对测产后的种子分级。【结果】不同种植密度对食用向日葵茎粗、盘径、单盘粒重、百粒重、籽粒大小影响差异显著(P<0.05);不同施肥配置对株高、茎粗、盘径、单盘粒重、百粒重影响差异不显著(P>0.05)。不同种植密度对产量的影响差异极显著(P<0.01);不同施肥处理对产量影响差异不显著(P>0.05)。现蕾期及灌浆期均追施尿素150 kg/hm^(2)+硫酸钾45 kg/hm^(2),种植密度46500株/hm^(2)处理制种产量最佳,为2333.1 kg/hm^(2);M级种子成品率最高,为82.9%。【结论】甘肃地区食用向日葵制种产量和成品种子的各项性状指标表现最佳的配套栽培措施为种植密度46500株/hm^(2),底肥复合肥450 kg/hm^(2)、现蕾期及灌浆期均追施尿素150 kg/hm^(2)+硫酸钾45 kg/hm^(2)。
【Objective】To explore the optimum cultivation techniques for the production of edible sunflower seed under natural pollination conditions in Gansu.【Methods】Sterile line 9063A and restorer line A1361R of hybrid ZH9018 were used as test materials.With a split zone design,the main zone was designed for testing the planting density with four levels:34500,40500,46500 and 52500 plants/hm^(2).The auxiliary zone was for fertilizer with three levels set on top of base compound fertilizer of 450 kg/hm^(2).The three levels were,150 kg/hm^(2) of urea topdressing at both squaring stage and filling stage;150 kg/hm^(2) urea topdressing plus 45 kg/hm^(2) potassium sulfate at squaring stage and 150 kg/hm^(2) urea topdressing at filling stage;150 kg/hm^(2) urea topdressing plus 45 kg/hm^(2) potassium sulfate at both squaring stage and filling stage.Relevant traits were then investgated.Yield was calcuated during the harvest period.Seeds graded after the test.【Results】Different planting density had a significant effect on edible sunflower stem thickness,disk diameter,single disk seed weight,100-grain weight,and seed size(P<0.05).The effect of different fertilization treatments on plant height,stem thickness,disk diameter and single disk seed weight and 100-grain weight was not significant(P>0.05).The effect of planting density on the seeds yield was extremely significant(P<0.01);the effect of different fertilization treatments on seeds yield was not significant(P>0.05).The optimal condition was 150 kg/hm^(2) urea topdressing plus 45 kg/hm^(2) potassium sulfate at both squaring stage and filling stage,and planting density at 46500 plants/hm^(2) was the best seed production,with seed yield reached 2333.1 kg/hm^(2);the highest seed yield of M-level seeds at 82.9%.【Conclusion】Planting density of 46500 plants/hm^(2),base compound fertilizer 450 kg/hm^(2),squaring stage and filling stage 150 kg/hm^(2) urea topdressing plus 45 kg/hm^(2) potassium sulfate was recommended for edible sunflower seed production in Gansu.
作者
闻金光
菅彩媛
韩晓梅
李素萍
邓涛
关国宝
WEN Jinguang;JIAN Caiyuan;HAN Xiaomei;LI Suping;DENG Tao;GUAN Guobao(Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences,Hohhot 010031,China;Jiuquan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Jiuquan 735000,China;Bayannur Seed Management Station,Linhe 015000,China)
出处
《北方农业学报》
2021年第5期41-47,共7页
Journal of Northern Agriculture
基金
内蒙古自治区科技重大专项项目
农业农村部国家特色油料产业技术体系项目(CARS-14-1-27)。
关键词
食用向日葵
制种
种植密度
施肥配置
种子成品率
Edible sunflower
Sunflower seed production
Planting density
Fertilization configuration
Seed yield