观赏向日葵的开花特性及其对播种期的响应

Flowering characteristics of ornamental sunflower and how they respond to sowing time

【目的】为江苏沿海地区观赏向日葵的栽培与示范推广提供参考。【方法】选用自主选育的观赏向日葵品种盐葵3号、盐葵4号和盐葵5号为试验材料,采用随机区组设计,设置夏播和秋播2个播种期,调查观赏向日葵的开花特性及其与播种期的关系。【结果】播种期和品种对向日葵的初花期、开花天数和二级分枝花盘上的开花比例具有显著影响(P<0.05);与夏播相比,秋播使单个花盘、单株及群体花期显著延长(P<0.05);盐葵3号秋播开花天数最长,单株和群体开花天数分别为29.9 d和38.6 d。观赏向日葵的开花顺序总体表现为先主盘,然后分枝上主盘按倒1、倒2的顺序从上到下依次开放;分枝上的二级花盘开花比例根据播种期、品种和分枝所处位置有所不同,总体表现为夏播高于秋播、倒1二级分枝高于倒2二级分枝。【结论】江苏沿海地区优先选用观赏向日葵盐葵3号进行秋季播种,能够充分实现其观赏价值。

【Objective】To provide references for the cultivation and demonstration of ornamental sunflowers in coastal areas of Jiangsu.【Mothods】Self-selected ornamental sunflower Yankui No.3,Yankui No.4 and Yankui No.5 were tested using a random block design.The flowering characteristics of the ornamental sunflowers and the relationship with sowing date were investigated by setting two sowing dates in summer and autumn.【Results】Sowing dates and varieties had significant effects on the initial flowering stage,flowering time and flowering ratio of discs on secondary branches of ornamental sunflower(P<0.05).Compared with summer sowing,autumn sowing significantly prolonged individual flower trays,individual plants and the flowering period of population(P<0.05).Yankui No.3 had the longest flowering time in autumn,with 29.9 and 38.6 flowering days per plant and population,respectively.The flowering order of ornamental sunflowers was generally shown as the main disc first,followed by the main discs of side branches,which bloomed from top to bottom,then starting with inverted 1 inverted 2.The ratio of discs on the secondary branches varied according to the sowing date,variety and location of the lateral branches.Overall the ratio on summer sowing was higher than autumn sowing,and the ratio on inverted 1 branches was higher than the inverted 2 branches.【Conclusion】Sowing Yankui No.3 in autumn in the coastal areas of Jiangsu could fully realize its ornamental potential.