烯效唑对食用向日葵产量和品质的调控效应

Effects of uniconazole on yield and quality of edible sunflower

【目的】明确烯效唑不同施用方式对食用向日葵产量和品质的影响,解决河套灌区食用向日葵连年种植籽粒商品性和品质下降等问题。【方法】设烯效唑浸种和叶面喷施两种方式,采用随机区组设计,分析不同浓度不同施用方式烯效唑对食用向日葵产量、籽粒表观性状、籽仁营养品质的影响。【结果】烯效唑浸种和叶面喷施均可提高食用向日葵百粒重、籽仁率及产量。浸种处理浓度为A4(330 mg/L)、叶面喷施浓度为B4(400 mg/L)产量表现最好,分别比对照增产15.62%、16.20%。浸种处理浓度为A2(230 mg/L)、叶面喷施处理浓度为B4(400 mg/L)籽粒宽分别比对照增加10.42%、12.50%,差异达极显著水平(P<0.01)。浸种处理浓度为A4(330 mg/L)籽仁粗蛋白含量增幅最大,比对照增加9.49%,差异达极显著水平(P<0.01);叶面喷施处理浓度为B4(400 mg/L)籽仁粗脂肪含量增幅最大,比对照增加16.18%,差异达极显著水平(P<0.01)。必需氨基酸含量在浸种处理浓度为A2(230 mg/L)、A3(280 mg/L)、A4(330 mg/L)时均增加,缬氨酸含量在叶面喷施处理浓度为B3(350 mg/L)、B4(400 mg/L)时增加,甲硫氨酸含量在浸种处理和叶面喷施处理各浓度下均增加,赖氨酸含量在叶面喷施处理浓度为B2(300 mg/L)、B3(350 mg/L)、B4(400 mg/L)时均增加。【结论】烯效唑浸种和叶面喷施均可提高食用向日葵产量和籽粒商品性,能够改善籽粒品质。综合食用向日葵籽粒表观、产量、营养品质和必需氨基酸含量表现,浸种处理A4(330 mg/L)、叶面喷施处理B4(400 mg/L)为最佳浓度。

【Objective】To determine the effects of different application methods of uniconazole on the yield and quality of edible sunflowers,in order to solve the problems of the declining in the commodity and quality of edible sunflower seeds in Hetao Irrigation Area.【Methods】A random block design was used to examine the effects of different concentrations and application methods of uniconazole on edible sunflower yield,grain apparent traits,and kernel nutritional quality using two ways,seed soaking and foliar spraying with uniconazole.【Results】Both seed soaking and foliar spraying with uniconazole increased the 100-grain weight,kernel rate and yield of edible sunflower.The best yield performance was when the concentration of seed soaking treatment was A4(330 mg/L)and the concentration of foliar spraying was B4(400 mg/L).The yield increased by 15.62%and 16.20%respectively compared with the control.When seed soaking treatment concentration was A2(230 mg/L)and the foliar spraying treatment concentration was B4(400 mg/L),the grain width increased by 10.42%and 12.50%,respectively,compared with the control.The difference was extremely significant(P<0.01).When the concentration of seed soaking treatment was A4(330 mg/L),the crude protein content of seed kernel had the highest increase,which was 9.49%higher than the control.The difference was extremely significant(P<0.01).When the concentration of foliar spraying treatment was B4(400 mg/L),the crude fat content of seed kernels had the highest increase,which was 16.18%higher than the control.The difference was extremely significant(P<0.01).The content of essential amino acids increased when the concentration of seed soaking treatment was A2(230 mg/L),A3(280 mg/L),and A4(330 mg/L).When the foliar spraying treatment was B3(350 mg/L)and B4(400 mg/L)the valine content increased.The methionine content increased at each concentration of the seed soaking treatment and the foliar spraying treatment.And the lysine content increased at the B2(300 mg/L),B3(350 mg/L)and B4(400 mg/L)treatment.【Conclusion】Both seed soaking and foliar spraying with uniconazole increased the yield of edible sunflower and improved the quality of grains.The results showed that seed soaking treatment A4(330 mg/L)and foliar spraying treatment B4(400 mg/L)were the best concentrations in edible sunflower seed appearance,yield,nutrient quality and essential amino acid content.