转移支付能否缩小贫困地区义务教育结果的不平等?——基于6省18县的实证分析

Can Transfer Payment Reduce the Inequality of Compulsory Education in Poor Areas?Empirical Analysis Based on 18 Counties in 6 Provinces

转移支付对于开展扶贫工作、均衡区域发展意义重大。基于全国6省18个国家扶贫开发重点县的一手调查数据,利用倾向得分匹配法测算了转移支付资金对贫困地区义务教育结果的影响,并使用夏普里值分解法对各因素进行分解。研究发现,在控制学生个体、家庭及学校特征后,转移支付资金显著降低了学生部分科目的学业成就,扩大了教育结果的不平等,这可能是转移支付的“挤出效应”造成的地方教育经费缩减所带来的结果。应规范转移支付资金使用,建立贫困学生教育结果及转移支付资金联动机制,实施贫困地区师生帮扶计划,加大“精准扶智”力度,多方联结提高教育投入,以缩小贫困地区义务教育的不平等。

Transfer payment is of great significance for poverty alleviation and balanced regional development.Based on the first-hand survey data of 18 national poverty alleviation and development key counties in 6 provinces,this paper uses the propensity score matching method to calculate the impact of transfer payment funds on the results of compulsory education in poor areas,and uses the Sharpley value decomposition method to decompose each factor.It found that after controlling the characteristics of individual students,families and schools,transfer payment funds significantly reduced students’academic achievements in some subjects and expanded the inequality of educational results,which may be the result of the reduction of local education funds caused by the“crowding out effect”of transfer payment.We should standardize the use of transfer payment funds,establish a linkage mechanism between the educational results of poor students and transfer payment funds,implement the assistance plan for teachers and students in poor areas,strengthen the“accurate support for intelligence”,unite multiple parties to improve education investment,so as to reduce the inequality of the results of compulsory education in poor areas.