企业参与现代学徒制的动机及其对成本收益的影响

The Influence Analysis on the Enterprises’Motivation to Participate in Modern Apprenticeship and Its Influence on the Cost-benefit

基于成本收益视角,对浙江省参与教育部首批现代学徒制试点的89家合作企业进行调查,分析了企业参与现代学徒制的动机及其对成本收益的影响。结果表明:企业参与现代学徒制的动机具有多样性,但以人力资源和市场战略导向动机为主。企业在现代学徒制项目中总体处于亏损状态,但仍有1/3左右的企业能从中获利。企业参与现代学徒制的成本收益主要由与学徒相关的人力成本和收益构成,且大部分成本和收益发生在学徒顶岗实习的第三学年。企业参与现代学徒制的动机对成本收益有着不同程度的影响。政府可建立成本分担机制,出台以学徒留任为核心的导向政策,保证企业利益获得;职业院校可根据企业动机倾向,建立校企双方高需求匹配度,形成多元化学徒培养模式;企业可前置其参与学徒培养时段,强化对学徒的考核评价,保障学徒培养质量。

Based on the cost-benefit perspective,the paper surveys 89 enterprises in Zhejiang Province which participate in modern apprenticeship approved by the Ministry of Education and obtains 103 questionnaires.The paper analyzes the motivation of enterprises’participating in modern apprenticeship,and the influence of the motivation on the cost-benefit.The results show that the motivation of enterprises are various,but the main motivations are human resource-oriented and market strategy-oriented.During the participation period,about 1/3 of the enterprises can make profits and the rest are in loss.The cost-benefit mainly consists of the manpower cost and the manpower benefit related to the apprentice and most of them occur in the third academic year of the apprenticeship.Different motivations of enterprises have varying influence on cost-benefit.The government should set up the cost-sharing mechanism to encourage the apprentice to remain.The vocational colleges should choose the suitable enterprises to cooperate according to their motivation tendency.Enterprises should pre-pose their apprenticeship training period,strengthen the assessment and evaluation of apprentices to ensure the quality of apprenticeship training.