我国省域间义务教育经费支出的空间外溢——基于随迁子女空间权重矩阵的证据

Inter-provincial Spatial Spillovers of Compulsory Education Expenditure in China:Evidence Based on Spatial Weight Matrix of Migrant Children

研究采用全国省级面板数据构建空间杜宾模型,分析义务教育经费支出在随迁子女流动背景下所产生的空间外溢效应。结果显示:受人口迁移的空间影响,我国省际义务教育经费支出存在空间相关性,呈现出显著的空间聚集形态,且不同省份之间有着不同程度的聚集;对比地缘距离和经济距离的影响,省与省之间经费支出的空间外溢效应受到随迁子女迁移的影响更明显,具体表现为负向的空间外溢,说明随迁子女跨区域流动显著降低了地方财政对义务教育的经费供给水平,其外溢程度普通初中高于普通小学。为实现空间外溢效应的内部化,研究提出将空间外溢纳入政府间义务教育的支出责任划分,改革当前随迁子女义务教育的经费分担模式,并导入对地方政府支出行为评估的行政问责机制,提高义务教育经费的供给效率。

With the use of provincial panel data,this paper conducts the Spatial Durbin Model and analyzes the spillover effect of compulsory education expenditures under the flow of migrant children.The results reveal that inter-provincial expenditure for compulsory education is spatially correlated due to the impact of migration,and the local spatial aggregation of migrant children presents an unbalanced distribution.Comparing with the geographical and economic distance,expenditure affected by mobility of migrant children receives a highest degree of spillover effect between provinces.We found that spillover effect generated by migrant children flowing is manifested as a negative influence and the degree of this effect is higher in junior middle school than in primary school,indicating that the cross-regional mobility of migrant children significantly reduces the financial expenditures of local governments for compulsory education.In order to rectify the internalization of spillover effect,the research proposes that the focuses on migrant children should be included in the reallocation of the inter-governmental expenditure responsibility and the reform of the current sharing mode among governments.Meanwhile,the introduction of the administrative accountability mechanism for the evaluation of expenditure behavior of local governments is necessary,which improves efficiency of compulsory education expenditure.