花针期灌溉对花生植株生长及产量的影响

Effects of Irrigation on Growth and Yield of Peanut at Anthesis

为明确花生花针期灌溉的具体时间和合理制定花生灌溉制度。在防雨旱棚条件下,设置花生花针期不同时间灌溉处理,即分别在播种后20,25,30,35,40,45,50 d进行灌溉,测定花生主茎高、侧枝长、叶面积等农艺生长指标,干物质积累特征及产量的表现。结果表明:花生花针期灌溉时间的先后显著影响花生的生长发育特性及干物质积累。随着花针期灌水时间的推后,受土壤水分胁迫的影响,花生主茎较矮,侧枝较短,干物质积累量较少;但灌溉复水后,主茎、侧枝迅速生长,干物质积累迅速增长。收获时,主茎高、侧枝长、分枝数在各处理之间无显著差异,平均为59.06 cm、62.72 cm、6.34个,但播种后30 d灌溉处理主茎最高,侧枝最长,植株干质量和果干质量最高。播种后30 d灌溉处理的产量(6415.25 kg/hm^(2))、百果质量(298.59 g)、百仁质量(112.41 g)均最高,其他处理比其低4.59%~22.87%,10.55%~22.59%,4.92%~16.84%。初花期灌溉可以保证开花盛期较高的土壤含水量,从而使花生花量集中,单株结果数多,荚果整齐饱满,百果质量和百仁质量高,产量增加。花生花针期灌溉的最佳灌溉时间是开花初期,最好不要早于开花前7 d,不要晚于开花后7 d,即播种后30 d左右,提前或延迟灌溉,均会造成开花盛期土壤含水量的亏缺,影响最终产量的形成。

In order to make clear the specific time of peanut irrigation and make a reasonable peanut irrigation system,a experiment was conducted with different irrigation treatments to identify the specific irrigation time of peanut at anthesis under the condition of rain and drought shelter.The irrigation times were set at 20,25,30,35,40,45,50 days after sowing,respectively.The characteristics of main stem height,lateral branch length,leaf area,dry matter accumulation and yield of peanut were measured.The results showed that the earlier or later irrigation time at the flowering stage significantly affected the growth characteristics and dry matter accumulation of peanut.Under the influence of soil water stress,the main stem of peanut was shorter,the lateral branches were shorter and the dry matter accumulation was less,but grew rapidly after rewatering.There were no significant differences in the main stem height,lateral branch length and branch number among the treatments at harvest,the average were 59.06 cm,62.72 cm and 6.34,but the main stem height,lateral branch length,plant dry weight and pod dry weight were the highest in irrigation treatment of 30 days after sowing.The irrigation treatment of 30 days after sowing had the highest yield(6415.25 kg/ha),100-pod weight(298.59 g)and 100-seed weight(112.41 g),other treatments were 4.59%-22.87%,10.55%-22.59%,4.92%-16.84%lower than those.The irrigation in the early flowering stage could ensure the higher soil moisture content in the thriving anthesis,leading to concentrated peanut bloom,more and full pods of single plant,higher hundred pod weight and hundred seeds weight,more yield.Irrigation at flowering stage should not be earlier than 7 days before anthesis,not later than 7 days after anthesis,that is,about 30 days after sowing.Irrigation in advance or in delay would result in soil water content deficit at flowering stage and affect the formation of final yield.