运动及心理健康状况对中小学生心电图变化的影响

The effect of motion and mental health on the electrocardiogram changes of primary and middle school students

目的探讨运动及心理健康状况对中小学生心电图的影响。方法回顾性收集2020年1月至2020年12月在本院就诊的6~18岁中小学生346例,根据病历诊断及就诊时间的先后分成正常组和心理问题组,每组各173例。另选取在本院进行赛前体检的6~18岁中小学生运动员173例为运动组。收集三组的心电图诊断结果、心率、心理疾病诊断结果等资料,进行统计学分析。结果运动组中小学生的心率低于正常组和心理问题组(P<0.01)。心理问题组与正常组中小学生的心率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。运动组的窦性心律不齐、窦性心动过缓及左心室高电压的发生比例较高,分别为35.97%、28.97%、11.90%。运动组与正常组、运动组与心理问题组的心电图诊断结果分布比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。正常组与心理问题组的心电图诊断结果分布,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。中小学生的心理问题多以焦虑、多动性障碍和抑郁为主。结论运动能够降低中小学生的心率,心理问题尚未引起明显的心电图改变。

Objective To explore the effects of motion and mental health on the electrocardiogram changes of primary and middle school students.Methods A retrospecrive study of 346 primary and secondary school students aged 6-18 who were admitted to our hospital from January 2020 to December 2020 was conducted,and they were divided into normal group and psychological problem group according to the diagnosis of medical records and the rime of treatment,with 173 cases in each group.In addition,173 primary and secondary school athletes aged 6~18 who underwent pre competition physical examination in our hospital were selected as the sports group.The ECG diagnosis results,heart rate and psychological disease diagnosis results of the three groups were collected and statistically analyzed.Results The heart rate of primary and middle school students in the exercise group was lower than that in the normal group and psychological problem group(P<0.01).There was no significant difference in heart rate between psychological problem group and normal group(P>0.05).The incidence of sinus arrhythmia,sinus bradycardia and left ventricular high voltage in the exercise group were 35.97%,28.97% and 11.90% respectively.There was significant difference in the distribution of ECG diagnosis results between exercise group and normal group,exercise group and psychological problem group(P<0.01).There was no significant difference in the distribution of ECG diagnosis results between normal group and psychological problem group(P>0.05).The main psychological problems of primary and middle school students were anxiety,hyperactivity disorder and depression.Conclusion Exercise can reduce the heart rate of primary and middle school students,and psychological problems have not caused obvious ECG changes.