灵敏度分析在数控机床精度优化中的应用研究现状

Application of Sensitivity Analysis in Precision Optimization of CNC Machine Tools:A State-of-the-Art Review

数控机床在装备制造业中发挥着举足轻重的作用,但因其几何误差较多,严重影响加工精度。逐项测量并补偿全部几何误差工作量较大,因而需要辨识出关键误差,从而提高补偿效率。灵敏度分析主要研究各误差对机床空间精度的影响程度,可准确辨识出机床关键误差,逐渐成为机床精度优化领域的研究热点。综述了常用的灵敏度分析方法,如偏微分法、Sobol法与傅里叶幅度灵敏度检验扩展法等,在机床精度设计与工件加工精度优化方面的应用研究现状;总结了灵敏度分析研究的现存难点与问题。灵敏度分析能准确辨识机床关键误差,对于实现高效高精度机床误差补偿具有重要应用价值。

CNC machine tools play a pivotal role in the equipment manufacturing industry,but multiple geometric errors seriously affect the machining accuracy.Measuring and compensating all the geometric errors requires a lot of work,so it is necessary to identify key errors to improve the efficiency of compensation.Sensitivity analysis method is mainly used to study the influence degree of each error on the volumetric accuracy,and can accurately identify the key errors of the machine tool,which has gradually become a research hotspot in the field of machine tool accuracy optimization.This article summarizes the commonly used sensitivity analysis methods,such as partial differential method,Sobol method and extended Fourier amplitude sensitivity test method,etc.,the application research status of machine tool accuracy design and workpiece machining accuracy optimization,and summarizes the existing research difficulties and problems.Sensitivity analysis can accurately identify the key errors of machine tools,which has important application values for realizing highefficiency and high-precision error compensation of machine tools.