宋代琴文化的哲思内涵与境界创新

The Philosophical Connotation and Realm Innovation of Guqin Culture in Song Dynasty

宋代琴文化,是体现中华传统文化博大精深和文明发展智慧的经典范例,“以人为本”“天人合一”“尊道贵德”的三大理念表现充分。宋人继承上古“以琴治国”思想精髓,熔道、德、政、人、琴、乐于一炉,创造了琴乐实践与思想升华浑然一体的新境界,表现出强大的艺术创造力。宋人视琴为“内圣”“外王”、形上之“道”与形下之“器”完美结合的现实存在,将琴所承载的道德品格观念与追求上古“圣治”理想相结合,使汉唐淡化的“政统”属性得以回归。士人以“自适”与“体道”为旨归,形成“重意轻音”与“大音希声”的哲思认知,赋予琴文化更为深刻的人文内涵。以琴表达家国情怀,更是颇具时代特征的观念实践与精神超越,底蕴深刻丰富。琴与文学、历史、哲学及其他艺术门类的融通,呈现出“天人合一”的新面貌,为“宋型文化”之代表。宋代以后,琴文化朝着艺术的专精化、理论化和普及化方向发展,“为治”属性消失,却创造了艺术新辉煌。宋代琴文化“同民心而出治道”,对当代新文化建设和人类文明发展具有重要启迪。

Guqin culture is the classic example that reflects the profoundness of Chinese culture and the wisdom of civilization development.The three major concepts of“People-Oriented”“Heaven-human Unity”and“Respect for the Virtue and Morals”are fully expressed.In the Song Dynasty,on the basis of inheriting the essence of the predecessor's idea of“Ruling the country by the Guqin”,which melted“Ethics”,“Tao”,“Politics”,“People”,“Guqin”and“Music”.The people living in the Song Dynasty regarded the Guqin as the“Inner saint”and“Outer king”,the existence of the perfect combination of the metaphysical“Tao”and the metaphysical“artifact”combines the moral character concept carried by the Guqin with the pursuit of the ancient ideal of“Divine governance”,so that the attribute of“Political orthodoxy”inherited from the Han Dynasty and Tang Dynasty can be returned.With the purpose of“Self-adaptation”and“Comprehend the truth”,scholars formed the philosophical cognition of“Value importance over sound”and“loudness”,giving the Guqin culture more profound humanistic connotation.Expressing the feelings of the patriotic with the Guqin,which has profound and rich connotations that mean concept practice and spiritual transcendence.The Guqin's integration with literature,history,philosophy and other art categories presents a new realm of“Heaven-human Unity”and is the representative of“The Song Dynasty Typical Culture”.After the Song Dynasty,the Guqin culture of the Song Dynasty“bringing the same rule with one mind”,has important implications for the construction of new contemporary culture and the development of human civilization.