绵阳市某高校凉山州籍定向培养医学新生包虫病相关知识及生活行为方式调查

Knowledge About Echinococcosis and Lifestyle of Medical Freshmen From Liangshan Prefecture in A College in Mianyang City

目的了解绵阳市某高校凉山州籍定向培养医学新生包虫病相关知识及生活行为方式,根据调查结果开展针对性措施,为凉山州包虫病防治提供保障参考。方法采用整群抽样方法,于2020-06以绵阳市某高校2019级凉山州籍定向培养医学新生作为对象进行问卷调查,运用卡方检验比较分析不同性别、民族、户籍、宗教信仰对包虫病知晓率及生活行为方式的影响,以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果共调查419名学生,其中有54.89%不知道包虫病会传染,有33.17%不知道包虫病可以预防,有36.75%不知道用被虫卵感染的牛羊内脏喂狗会增加感染风险,有42.72%不知道狗粪与包虫病感染有关,有93.79%认为自己不会感染包虫。比较是否喝生水、与狗玩耍、与狗玩耍后洗手、吃东西前洗手、用牛羊内脏喂过狗5类生活行为方式在不同人群中是否有差异,其中不同性别在是否喝生水间差异有统计学差异(χ^(2)=8.954,P<0.05),男生经常喝生水的比例为28.2%,女生经常喝生水的比例为17.6%;不同户籍间在是否喝生水间差异有统计学差异(χ^(2)=39.114,P<0.05),农村户籍人口经常喝生水的比例为22.8%,城镇户籍人口经常喝生水的比例为7.27%;不同民族在是否喝生水(χ^(2)=24.433,P<0.05)、是否与狗玩(χ^(2)=34.230,P<0.05)、吃饭前是否洗手(χ^(2)=20.015,P<0.05)间均有统计学差异。结论凉山州籍医学新生包虫病防治知识知晓率较低,相关生活行为方式情况堪忧,需要加强健康教育,促进行为改变。

Objective To study the knowledge about hydatid diseases and lifestyle among medical freshman from Liangshan prefecture in a university in Mianyang so as to carry out targeted measures and provide guarantee for the prevention and control of hydatid diseases in Liangshan Prefecture.Methods A cluster sampling method was used to select medical students from Liangshan Prefecture who were newly enrolled in a college in Mianyang City in 2019.All the participants were asked to finish a questionnaire.Chi-square tests were used to explore the association between different characteristics and the awareness rate of hydatid diseases and lifestyle.Results A total of 419 students were surveyed.54.89%of participants did not know that echinococcosis could be transmitted,33.17%did not know that echinococcosis could be prevented,and 36.75%did not know that feeding dogs with the internal organs of cattle and sheep infected with worm eggs would increase the risk of infection.42.72%did not know that dog feces were related to echinococcosis infection,and 93.79%thought they would not be infected with echinococcosis.There was significant difference in drinking water between different sexes(χ^(2)=8.954,P<0.05).The proportion of boys who often drink raw water is 28.2%,and the proportion of girls who often drink raw water is17.6%.There was significant difference in drinking water among different household registration(χ^(2)=39.114,P<0.05);the proportion of rural residents who regularly drinking raw water is 22.8%,and the proportion of urban residents who regularly drinking raw water is 22.8%.Significant differences of drinking raw water(χ^(2)=24.433,P<0.05),playing with dogs(χ^(2)=34.230,P<0.05),and washing hands before eating(χ^(2)=20.015,P<0.05)were observed among ethnic groups of students.Conclusion The awareness rate of prevention and control knowledge about hydatid diseases is relatively low among medical freshmen in Liangshan Prefecture,and the relevant lifestyle situation is worrying.It is necessary to strengthen health education and promote behavior change.