客家方言咸深摄鼻音韵尾的社会地理演变研究

Socio-geographical Evolution of Xian-Shen Rime Groups of Nasal Consonants in Hakka Dialect

客家方言不同程度地保留中古鼻音韵尾-m、-n、-ŋ,学术界一般认为韵尾-m的演变自咸摄启动,并在主要元音的作用下发生由发音部位前到发音部位后的依次演变-m→-n→-ŋ。这里基于社会地理语言学,提出客家方言鼻音韵尾的演变应是自深摄启动,并在主要元音作用下发生从发音部分前至后的非依次性演变,其演变动因与双唇音韵尾-m的演变,与在音系简化、负荷功能及韵母结构等的多重作用有关。

Various degrees of middle ancient nasal finals-m,-n,-ŋ are still retained in the Hakka dialect.The academic circles generally think that the evolution of the final-m starts from nasal finals.Under the influence of the main vowels,the evolution of the ending-m→-n→ŋ takes place from the front of pronouncing position to the back ones.Here,based on socio-geographic linguistics,this paper puts forward that the evolution of nasal ending in Hakka dialect should be initiated from deep phonation,and non-sequential evolution from front to back of pronunciation part under the action of main vowels.Its evolution motivation is related to the evolution of double lipped ending-m,and multiple functions in phonological simplification,load function and vowel structure.