湖北省通山县野生猕猴桃种质资源调查与果实遗传多样性分析

Investigation and fruit genetic diversity analysis of wild Actinidia germplasm resources in Tongshan County,Hubei Province

为深入了解湖北省通山县境内野生猕猴桃(Actinidia)分布现状,发掘具有育种价值的优异种质资源,对该地猕猴桃野生种质资源进行了实地调查与遗传多样性分析。结果显示:通山县境内野生猕猴桃种质资源丰富,发现了7个种(含变种),以中华猕猴桃(Actinidia chinensis Planch.)群体居多;共记录152份野生猕猴桃种质资源,海拔跨度为210~1429 m,染色体倍性鉴定为二倍体或四倍体;收集中华猕猴桃果实44份,基于15个表型性状进行差异分析,不同性状的变异系数为24.66%~75.76%,遗传多样性指数H′值介于0.35~2.02;依据11个数量性状对22份中华猕猴桃种质的果实进行主成分分析和综合品质评价,发现前4个主成分累计贡献率达到83.42%,‘GY07’、‘GY08’和‘HJ05’等3个种质具有较高的综合品质;基于聚类分析可将资源分为3大类。本文最后提出了加强猕猴桃野生资源开发、利用和遗传保护的建议及策略。

To explore the distribution status,breeding value,and conservation and rational development and utilization of wild Actinidia germplasm resources,we carried out field investigation and genetic diversity analysis of wild Actinidia germplasm resources in Tongshan County,Hubei Province,China.Results showed abundant germplasm resources and high species diversity in Tongshan County.Seven species(including varieties)were found,most of which were A.chinensis Planch.In total,152 wild Actinidia germplasm resources were collected and recorded.Altitude spanned 210-1429 m.Ploidy was identified as diploid or tetraploid.In total,44 fruits of A.chinensis were collected.Based on 15 phenotypic characters,the coefficients of variation of the different characters ranged from 24.66%to 75.76%.The genetic diversity index ranged from 0.35 to 2.02,and phenotypic characters,such as fruit shape and size,showed marked genetic differences.Principal component analysis and comprehensive quality evaluation of 22 Actinidia germplasms were carried out based on 11 quantitative characters.Results showed that the cumulative contribution rate of the first four principal components reached 83.42%,and cluster analysis indicated that the resources could be divided into three categories.These abundant resources can provide original materials for the breeding of superior germplasms and genetic improvement of varieties.Suggestions and strategies for strengthening the development,utilization,and genetic protection of wild resources are also discussed.