肝脏脂质自噬的研究进展

Research Progress in Liver Lipophagy

自噬是细胞内利用溶酶体降解细胞器和蛋白质的过程,在维持细胞稳态和更新中发挥作用,脂质自噬则是近10年来发现的特异性靶向脂滴的选择性自噬过程。各种细胞中均存在脂质自噬,在肝细胞中尤为明显。该文对肝细胞中调控脂质自噬的代谢酶、膜蛋白和转录因子进行总结,同时对脂质自噬在脂质代谢、细胞生存中的生理意义及其在脂肪肝、肝硬化、肝癌等疾病中的作用进行讨论。这些研究进展为进一步研究提供线索,为深入理解脂质自噬的调控机制、生物学意义以及可能的临床应用提供参考。

Autophagy is an intracellular degradation process that breaks down the organelles and proteins through the lysosomes,contributing to the maintenance of intracellular homeostasis and cell renewal.Lipophagy,discovered in the past decade,is a type of selective autophagy targeting lipid droplets.Lipophagy has been found in multiple cell types,especially in liver cells.This article reviews recent studies on the mechanisms and implications of lipophagy in hepatocytes and hepatic stellate cells.The metabolic enzymes,membrane proteins and transcription factors that related with lipophagy are summarized in this review.Additionally,physiological significance of lipophagy in lipid metabolism and cell survival and its pathological role in liver diseases such as fatty liver,cirrhosis and liver cancer are also discussed.This review provides reference for further study in the molecular mechanisms,biological significance and potential therapeutic significance of lipophagy.