中国职业舞者表演“流畅状态”分析

Analysis on the “Flow State” of Chinese Professional Dancers

文章对六位中国职业舞者在"流畅状态"方面的亲身经历进行采集并加以分析。"流畅状态"是一种身心契合的有益心理状态,它以精神高度集中为突出特征,往往能由此发挥出个人的巅峰状态。与国内外蓬勃发展的竞技体育方面的流畅状态研究相比,国内对于职业舞者在此方面的研究有明显空缺。这里选取六名中国优秀职业舞者进行以流畅状态为主题的"亲身经历"质性研究,总结其特征,并与目前运动心理学方面广为接受的流畅状态九维度特征进行对比,发现其中技能与挑战之间的平衡和舞蹈本身带来的愉悦同样是舞者流畅状态最基础与最突出的特征,由此产生行动与意识的融合,即对表演和角色的完全投入以及对舞台与观众的控制感。然而,所谓自我意识消失和时间流逝感变幻在这群受访舞者中罕有报告,揭示了职业舞者表演流畅状态的独有特征。随后以"流畅状态""巅峰体验""自我实现"等积极心理学观点,阐发了这些优秀舞者在职业生涯中不懈进取的动力所在。

This paper collects and analyzes the lived experience of six Chinese professional dancers in their"flow state"by using interpretive phenomenological analysis( IPA) . "Flow state"is a beneficial psychological state of mind and body that is characterized by intense concentration and often brings out the best performance. Compared with the research on the flow state of competitive sports at home and abroad,there is an obvious lag in the research on professional dancers at home. The paper selects six excellent Chinese professional dancers to conduct a qualitative study on the "lived experience " with the theme of flow state,it summarizes their characteristics and compares with the nine-dimensional structure of flow widely accepted by current sports psychology. It is found that the balance between skill and challenge and the pleasure brought by dance itself are the most basic and prominent characteristics of the dancers’ flow state,which leads to the integration of action and consciousness,that is,the complete devotion to performance and role,and the sense of control over the stage and audience. However,the so-called loss of self-awareness and the sense of time lapse are rarely reported by these dancers,revealing the unique features of the flow state of professional dancers. Then,from the positive psychology perspective of"flow state","peak experience"and "self-actualization",this paper elucidates the motivation of these excellent dancers to make unremitting progress in their career.