无人机在应急血液配送中的初步应用

Preliminary application of drones in emergency blood delivery

目的初步探索无人机配送方式在血液应急保障体系中的可行性和优势。方法对本中心向余杭二院、浙二滨江2家医院开展的应急血液无人机配送情况进行回顾性分析。根据百度地图查询工作日8~24点间每间隔2H的陆路道路驾驶时间,比较无人机飞行时间和陆路驾驶时间;监测无人机飞行过程的温度记录,比较起飞和降落时的温度差。结果向余杭二院无人机配送悬浮红细胞47次,合计295 U/192袋,向浙二滨江配送机采血小板35次,合计159.5治疗量/113袋。余杭二院配送中,需经2个中转站更换电池续航,单程陆路交通时间平均值为50 min,无人机为55 min,未能体现时效的优越性,浙二滨江配送中,单程陆路交通时间为10 min,无人机为6 min,显示较好的时效性。对于医院往返取应急血模式而言,无人机配送的总体时效性均显著,且有利于医院人力和交通成本核算;对飞行过程的温度监测显示悬浮红细胞血液温度在2.1~7.9℃间,起飞和降落温度差在0.3~3.7℃间;机采血小板在20.2~24.2℃间,起飞和降落温度差在0.3~3.6℃间。结论无人机可应用于应急血液配送,并有良好的应用前景,后续待进一步研究以更好的提升时效性和冷链监测体系。

Objective To explore the viability and advantages of drones in blood emergency delivery. Methods The delivery of emergency blood by drones to the Second People′s Hospital of Yuhang District(referred as Yuhang Hospital) and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University Medical College(referred as Binjiang Hospital) was analyzed retrospectively. The 8:00-24:00 traffic condition, at the interval of 2 h, of working days were inquired by Baidu Map in order to compare the driving time with drone flight time. The temperature of RBCs and platelets during drone flight were monitored, and take-off and landing temperature were compared. Results 47 deliveries(a total of 192 bags, 295 U) of suspended RBCs and 35 deliveries(a total of 113 bags, 159.5 therapeutic dose) of platelets were, respectively, conducted to Yuhang Hosital and Binjiang Hospital. Two transfer stations for battery charging were needed during the delivery to Yuhang Hospital, and the average one-way time by driving was similar with by drones(50 vs 55 min), without any superiority in time-efficiency. Binjiang Hospital, however, benefited from this drone delivering(driving 10 mins vs drone 6 mins). As round-trip delivery for emergency blood was saved, it’s economical for the hospital to get the time-sensitive blood timely. The temperature of suspended RBCs and platelets during flight was between 2.1~7.9 ℃ and 20.2~24.2 ℃, with temperature difference at 0.3~3.7 ℃ and 0.3~3.6℃, respectively. Conclusion Drones, with good application prospects, can be applied in emergency blood delivery, and further study is needed to improve the time-efficiency and cold chain monitoring system.