陕西木柱柱梁遗址出土鸟类遗存初探

A Preliminary Analysis of Bird Remains Unearthed from Muzhuzhuliang,Shaanxi

陕西神木木柱柱梁遗址是一处龙山晚期的聚落遗址,该遗址除了出土大量的哺乳动物遗存外,还发现了一定量的鸟类遗存。本文通过对出土的鸟类遗存进行分类、测量和鉴定,共鉴定出4个种属,分别是鹰、雕、环颈雉和雕鸮。从鸟类的生活环境和习性看,除了常见的陆禽环颈雉,其余均为猛禽类。遗址所在地区以低山丘陵、草原为主要的生态景观,周围有一定面积的森林地带和荒漠。猛禽类是自然界鸟类群落的组成部分,也经古人狩猎而来,保护村落。

The Muzhuzhuliang site is of the late Longshan period. It is located in Shenmu country of Shaanxi province. In addition to a large quantity of unearthed mammal remains, a certain number of birds have also been found. These birds were collected systematically by each excavation unit, which have been carefully classified, measured and identified. Four species were identified, including hawks, eagles, pheasants and eagle owls. According to the living environment and habits of birds, except the common terrestrial pheasant,all the rest are raptors. The site is located in an area featuring hills and grassland, while being surrounded partially by forest and desert. Raptors should have been part of the natural bird group, which were hunted by the ancient people to protect the village.