初中生近视现状调查分析与干预

Investigation and analyse of myopia in junior high school

目的:了解初中生近视状况,为科学防治近视提供依据。方法:自制问卷随机抽取浙江省杭州市、温州市、金华市的1091名初中生进行问卷调查与访谈。结果:初中生近视率高达70.8%,女生近视率高于男生(P<0.05);城市近视率远高于农村(P<0.01),全面了解学生近视起始期及成因、配镜与戴镜、用眼与保健、矫正措施、预防危害认识等情况。结论:看书和作业负担过多、一次持续用眼时间过长等因素是造成近视的主因,要改变重治疗轻预防的传统观念,实施"一个建立、两个减少、三个加强、四个提升"干预策略,科学用眼,有效预防近视的发生,延缓近视的进展。

Objective:To provide scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of myopia in junior high school.Methods:1091 randomly selected students from junior high school in Hangzhou Wenzhou and Jinhua of Zhejiang was surveyed and interviewed by a self-made questionnaire.Results:Rate of myopia in junior high school students is up to 70.8%,myopia rate of girls was higher than that of boys(P<0.05),and that of urban students was much higher than that of rural students(P<0.01),and a comprehensive understanding of the students’myopia has been gotten,such as the onset of myopia and its causes,the way of preparing and wearing glasses,the habits of using and caring eyes,corrective measures,the awareness of prevention and so on.Conclusion:Too much reading and writing,a long continuous watching a time without a break and and other factors make our eyes overburdened,which are the main reasons of myopia.We should change the traditional method of laying emphasis on treatment rather than the precaution,and adopt effective measures by taking“one establish,two cut down,three strengthen,four promote”,so as to effectively reduce the incidence of myopia in students.