玉米株高和穗位高的调控机理研究

Research Progress on the Mechanism of Controlling Maize Plant Height and Ear Height

玉米是中国重要的粮食作物,株高和穗位高更是玉米理想株型的重要指标,与产量密切相关,由多基因调控。矮秆基因被用来提高作物的抗倒性、生态适应性和收获指数。随着机械化穗收和粒收的普及,对矮秆玉米的育种需求日益突出,亟待拓宽玉米育种的矮化和抗倒伏种质资源。就矮化机理进行深入研究,可进一步拓展种质资源多样性及矮杆基因丰富性。尽管通过定位和克隆株高突变体获得了部分玉米株高的基因位点和QTL,但对玉米株高发育的遗传调控网络仍不清楚,而对矮秆性状的研究不仅有利于丰富株高和穗位高调控的理论基础,也能为耐密植、抗倒伏和宜机收的株型改良等工作提供科学依据与育种实材。因此,本研究综述了近年来控制玉米株高和穗位高相关QTL/基因克隆研究进展,以及植物激素赤霉素、生长素和吲哚乙酸与矮杆相关性研究工作,旨在为未来矮杆宜机收玉米育种提供理论依据和参考。

Maize is one of the important grain crops in China,and plant height(PH)and ear height(EH)are important indexes of ideal plant type of maize,which are closely related to the yield and controlled by multiple genes.Dwarf genes were used to make crops lodging resistance,ecological adaptability and yield index higher.With the popularization of mechanized ear harvesting and grain harvesting,the breeding demand of dwarf maize is increasingly prominent,and it is urgent to broaden the dwarf and lodging resistant germplasm resources in maize breeding and enrich its genetic diversity.Further study on dwarfing mechanism can further expand germplasm resource diversity and dwarf gene richness.Although some gene loci and QTLs of maize PH and EH were obtained partially by related trait mutants and mapping cloning,the genetic regulatory networks of maize height trait development was still unclear.Investigation of dwarf trait can not only enrich the bases of PH and EH modulation,but also provides scientific basis and breeding material for the improvement of plant type which is resistant to dense planting,lodging resistance and suitable for harvesting.Therefore,in this study,advances in QTL/gene cloning for controlling maize PH and EH were reviewed in recent years,as well as studies on the correlation between plant hormones gibberellin,auxin and indoleacetic acid and dwarf maize,aiming to provide theoretical basis and reference for future dwarf maize breeding.