广东烟草种植机械现状和发展趋势

Present Situation and Development Trend of Tobacco Planting Machinery in Guangdong

烟草是广东省粤北、粤东丘陵山区的重要经济作物,烟叶品质好,经济效益稳定,比价优势大,是当地农民的重要收入来源。广东基本上施行烟稻轮作,是较有效的土壤改良模式。目前广东烟草种植除播种育苗、耕作环节机械化率比较高外,其他环节基本上以人力为主,劳动强度高,农机农艺融合不深。近年来,随着农村经济发展步伐的加快,农村劳动力结构发生了较大变化,到了烟叶生产旺季,雇工难、用工贵成为制约烟叶生产持续健康发展的重要因素。实现烟叶生产全程机械化是提升烟叶品质、减工降本、提质增效,增强广东烟叶核心竞争力的重要手段。

Tobacco is an important cash crop in the hilly and mountainous areas of northern and eastern Guangdong.It has good quality,stable economic benefits and large price comparison advantages.It is an important source of income for local farmers.Tobacco rice rotation is basically implemented in Guangdong,which is a more effective soil improvement model.At present,in addition to the high mechanization rate of sowing and seedling raising and farming,other links of tobacco planting in Guangdong are basically dominated by manpower,with high labor intensity and poor integration of agricultural machinery and agronomy.In recent years,with the accelerated pace of rural economic development,great changes have taken place in the structure of rural labor force.In the peak season of tobacco production,it is difficult and expensive to hire workers,which has become an important factor restricting the sustainable and healthy development of tobacco production.Realizing the whole process mechanization of tobacco production is an important means to improve tobacco quality,reduce labor and cost,improve quality and efficiency,and enhance the core competitiveness of Guangdong tobacco.