原油沥青质沉积评价方法研究进展

Research Progress on Evaluation Methods of Asphaltene Deposition in Crude Oil

原油开采过程中,因温度、压力、油相组分变化以及外来流体等因素的影响,容易破坏原油胶体体系的相平衡状态,导致沥青质不断缔合、沉积,对原油开采及后处理带来极大的困难。综述了原油沥青质沉积评价方法,包括滴扩散法、黏度法、光学法、电导率法、微观分析法、驱替实验法、热力学法等。对现有评价方法存在的问题及发展趋势进行了分析,急需一种能够反映油藏条件下沥青质沉积过程的普适性评价方法,可以预测原油中沥青质沉积的可能性,针对性优化沥青质沉积抑制技术和解堵技术。

In the process of crude oil exploitation,due to the influence of temperature,pressure,oil phase composition variety and external fluid,the phase equilibrium state of crude oil colloid system is easy to be destroyed,resulting in continuous association and deposition of asphaltene,which brings great difficulties to crude oil extraction and post-treatment.The evaluation methods of asphaltene deposition in crude oil are reviewed,including drop diffusion method,viscosity method,optical method,conductivity method,micro analysis method,displacement experiment method and thermodynamics method.The existing problems and development trend of evaluation methods are analyzed.A universal evaluation method which can reflect the asphaltene deposition process under reservoir conditions is urgently needed.It can predict the possibility of asphaltene deposition in crude oil,and optimize the inhibition technology and unplugging technology.