毛纺织产品基准水足迹的核算与评价

Calculation and Assessment of Benchmark Water Footprint of Wool Textile Products

毛纺织产品生产加工过程中的洗毛、染色、整理等工艺环节会消耗水资源并排放废水。基于ISO 14046—2014标准中水短缺足迹和水劣化足迹的核算方法,运用国家标准中毛纺织品生产的取水定额及废水污染物排放限额数据,对毛纺织产品的基准水足迹进行核算,评价毛纺织产品生产过程对水资源环境的影响。研究结果表明:粗梳毛织物(纱染)生产过程产生的基准水短缺足迹最大,约为329.84 m^(3)/t;染整工艺环节排放的可吸附有机卤素为引起水体富营养化的主要污染物,占总基准水体富营养化足迹的58.25%;染色废水中的硫化物是引起水体酸化的主要污染物,毛纺织产品的基准水酸化足迹为0.0033 kg/t;总铬是水体生态毒性的特征污染物,毛纺织产品的基准水体生态毒性足迹为6 kg/t。

In the process of the production of wool textile products,water resources are consumed and waste water is discharged in the processes of wool-scouring,dyeing,finishing and so on.Based on the calculating method of water shortage footprint and water degradation footprint in ISO 14046—2014,this paper used the water intake quota and pollutant discharge quota data of wool textile products'production in Chinese standards to calculate the benchmark water footprint of wool textile products.It evaluated the impact of wool textile products'production process on water resources and environment.The results show that the largest benchmark water shortage footprint is generated from the production process of woolen fabric(yarn dyeing),which is around 329.84 m^(3)/t.AOX discharged from the dyeing-finishing process is the main pollutant causing water eutrophication,and it accounts for 58.25%of the total eutrophication footprint of benchmark water footprint.Sulfide discharged from dyeing-finishing process is the main pollutant causing water acidification.The acidification of benchmark water footprint is 0.0033 kg/t.The total chromium is the characteristic pollutant of water ecotoxicity,and the exotoxicity footprint of benchmark water footprint is 6 kg/t.