15个高州油茶无性系脂肪酸及微量营养成分比较分析

Comparative Analysis of Fatty Acids and Micronutrients in 15 Clones of Camellia gauchowensis Chang

高州油茶(Camellia gauchowensis Chang)是南亚热带主要栽培的油用山茶属物种。为了筛选脂肪酸及微量营养成分优良的高州油茶无性系,本研究对15个高州油茶无性系的种仁含油率、脂肪酸成分和4种生物活性物质(α-生育酚、总酚、角鲨烯和β-谷甾醇)进行了测定,并运用方差分析、因子分析和综合评价法对其组分和含量进行了分析。结果表明,15个无性系种仁含油率、脂肪酸及微量营养成分均差异明显。不饱和脂肪酸和油酸质量分数含量变化范围分别为85.08%(A16)~88.29%(HMZ03)、74.84%(A32)~82.84%(HMZ04)。主要生物活性物质α-生育酚,总酚,角鲨烯和β-谷甾醇含量变化范围分别为11.70(HMZ06)~30.00 mg/100 g(HMZ03)、3.69 mg/kg(A31)~17.05 mg/kg(A16)、107.0 mg/kg(A31)~695.6 mg/kg(A5)、286.5 mg/kg(HMZ10)~750.3 mg/kg(HMZ03)。因子分析结果表明,前3个因子累计方差贡献率为76.492%,包含了高州油茶油脂营养成分大部分信息,可以用这3个公因子代表原来的10项评价指标,进行高州油茶油脂营养成分的分析和评价。综合得分排名前5名依次为HMZ11、HMZ03、A16、A32和A11。本研究结果可为进一步开展高州油茶营养功能评价、优系筛选、育种亲本选择和茶油品质开发等提供基本参考依据。

Camellia gauchowensis Chang is a major cultivated species of camellia in south subtropical China.By comparing the content of fatty acids and micronutrients in 15 Camellia gauchowensis Chang clones,The present study aims to screen superior clones with favorable fatty acids and micronutrients.In The present study,the kernel oil content,fatty acid composition and 4 biologically active substances(α-tocopherol,total phenols,squalene andβ-sitosterol)were measured,and the components and content were evaluated by analysis of variance,factor analysis and comprehensive evaluation.The results showed that the oil content,fatty acids and micronutrients of the 15 clones were significantly different.Also,the content of unsaturated fatty acid and oleic acid varies from 85.08%(A16)to 88.29%(HMZ03),74.84%(A32)to 82.84%(HMZ04),respectively.The main biologically active substancesα-tocopherol,total phenols,squalene andβ-sitosterol content vary from 11.70 mg/100 g(HMZ06)to 30.00 mg/100 g(HMZ03),3.69 mg/kg(A31)to 17.05 mg/kg(A16),107.0 mg/kg(A31)~695.6 mg/kg(A5),286.5 mg/kg(HMZ10)~750.3 mg/kg(HMZ03).The result of factor analysis showed that the cumulative variance contribution rate of the first three factors was 76.492%.It contained most of the information on the nutritional components of C.gauchowensis oil.These 3 common factors can be used to represent the original 10 evaluation indicators for the analysis and evaluation of nutritional components of C.gauchowensis oil.The top 5 with respect to comprehensive scores are HMZ11,HMZ03,A16,A32 and A11.To conclude,valuable information was presented in The present study for further evaluation of the nutritional function of C.gauchowensis,selecting superior clones and breeding parents,and developing Camellia oil quality.