辽宁省森林生态系统服务功能空间格局

Spatial patterns of forest ecosystem services in Liaoning province

为了直观反映辽宁省林业建设的成效,基于辽宁省2017年森林资源二类调查数据和生态连清数据,根据中华人民共和国国家标准GB/T 38582—2020《森林生态系统服务功能评估规范》,应用分布式测算方法,对辽宁省森林生态系统保育土壤、林木养分固持、涵养水源、固碳释氧、净化大气环境5项服务功能进行评估,并探讨生态系统服务功能的空间格局,,利用灰色关联分析研究服务功能的影响因素。结果表明:1)辽宁省森林生态系统2017年固土量为2.84亿t;保肥量2198.03万t,林木养分固持量59.00万t,固碳量1938.55万t;释氧量4440.79万t;提供负离子3.89×10^(25)个;吸收气体污染物量79.32万t,滞纳TSP量为1.02亿t,滞纳PM_(10)和PM_(2.5)量分别为2164.40万kg和613.12万kg。2)森林生态系统服务功能整体上呈现辽东山区>辽西北地区>辽中南平原沿海地区的分布格局,丹东市、抚顺市和本溪市森林生态系统提供的各项服务功能占全省总量的40%以上,沈阳市、锦州市和盘锦市各项服务功能占比较低。3)与生态系统服务功能关联度最高的因子为降水量(0.7797~0.8199),气候因素与服务功能的相关性高于政策因素和社会经济因素。该研究可以为辽宁省不同地区科学开展林业生态工程、及时调整林业发展方向以及生态产品的价值实现的路径设计提供科学依据。

[Background]Forests are the important component of terrestrial ecosystems and provide a variety of benefits for human.The assessment of forest ecosystem services has become a bridge linking human society and the natural environment.[Methods]Based on the forest resources data in Liaoning province in 2017,we used the national standard specifications of the People's Republic of China“Specifications for Assessment of Forest Ecosystem Service in China”(GB/T 38582—2020)with the distributed measurement method to assess the services of soil conservation,forest nutrition retention,water conservation,carbon fixation and oxygen release,purification of atmospheric environment,in the Liaoning province.Grey relational method was used to analyze the influencing factors.[Results]1)The amount of soil conservation in the forest ecosystem of Liaoning province in 2017 was 24846.82×10^(4) t;a total of 2198.03×10^(4) t of fertilizers was preserved;the amount of forest nutrient retention was 59.00×10^(4) t;water conservation was 208.20×10^(8) m^(3);carbon fixation was 1938.55×10^(4) t;oxygen release was 4440.79×10^(4) t;the forest ecosystem provided 3.89×10^(25) negative ion and absorbed 79.32×10^(4) t of gaseous pollutants,and retented 10153.67×10^(4) t TSP,the masses of retented PM_(10) and PM_(2.5) substances were 2164.40×10^(4) kg and 613.12×10^(4) kg respectively.2)The service function of forest ecosystem generally presented the distribution pattern of mountainous area in eastern Liaoning>Northwest area>The coastal area of central and southern.Dandong,Fushun and Benxi had higher services and made proportion of more than 40%services,while Shenyang,Jinzhou and Panjin have lower services.3)The factor with the highest degree of correlation with ecosystem service was precipitation(0.7797-0.8199),and the correlation between climate factors and service functions was higher than policy factors and socio-economic factors.[Conculsions]This study can provide a scientific basis for scientifically carrying out forestry ecological projects in different regions of Liaoning Province,timely adjusting the direction of forestry development,and designing the path to realize the value of ecological products.