泰安市45~69岁中老年人健康素养现状及影响因素分析

Analyzing the Status of Health Literacy of Middle-aged and Older People in Taian City and Its Influencing Factors

目的:了解泰安市中老年人健康素养现状并分析其主要影响因素,为制定中老年人健康素养提升策略提供参考依据。方法:采用多阶段整群随机抽样方法,于2020年7月—8月对泰安市6个县(市/区)1829名45~69岁中老年人进行一般情况和健康素养问卷调查。结果:泰安市中老年人健康素养具备率为12.1%。3个方面素养具备率分别为基本知识和理念(23.4%)、健康生活方式与行为(20.3%)和健康技能(10.9%)。6类健康问题素养具备率最高为安全与急救素养(41.8%),最低为传染病防治素养(15.5%)。χ^(2)检验结果显示,不同年龄、居住地、受教育程度、就业状况、职业类型、家庭人均年收入、医保类型、体育锻炼情况的中老年人健康素养具备率差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,居住地和受教育程度是中老年人健康素养水平的显著影响因素。与农村地区相比,城市地区中老年人的健康素养水平是其1.456倍;与小学及以下相比,初中学历中老年人的健康素养水平是其1.529倍,高中及以上是其3.139倍(P<0.05)。结论:泰安市中老年人健康素养处于中等水平,其显著影响因素为居住地和受教育程度。应关注受教育程度低和农村地区中老年人的健康素养状况,对中老年人开展有针对性的健康教育和健康促进工作。

Objective To analyze the status of health literacy of middle-aged and older people in Taian City and its influencing factors,and provide evidences for making health literacy promotion strategies.Methods 1829 middle-aged and older people from 45 to 69 years old were chosen from 6 counties of Taian with multi-stage cluster random sampling method,and surveyed with questionnaire on general condition and health literacy.Results 12.1%of 1829 respondents were assessed as adequate overall health literacy in three aspects,which were 23.4%for basic knowledge and theory,20.3%for healthy lifestyles and 10.9%for fundamental skills.The highest proportion was in safety and first aid(41.8%),and the lowest was in chronic diseases prevention(15.5%)among the 6 health literacy aspects.Chi-square test showed that there were significant differences in health literacy among middle-aged and older people with different ages,residences,education background,employment status,occupation,per capita family annual income,medical insurance and physical exercise(P<0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that residences and education background were the significantly influencing factors of health literacy status among middle-aged and older people.The health literacy of middle-aged and older people in urban areas was 1.456 times higher than that in rural areas.The status of health literacy of middle-aged and older people with junior high school education and senior high school and above was 1.529 times and 3.139 times higher than those with primary school and below(P<0.05),respectively.Conclusion The health literacy among middle-aged and older residents in Taian City was in the middle level.Residence and education background were the main influencing factors.It is suggested to value the health literacy of middle-aged and older people with lower education in rural areas,and carry out targeted health education and health promotion.