“超对象的对象化”及其两重性--《历史与阶级意识》物化结构之辨

"Objectification of Super Objects"and Its Duality--Materialized Structure in History and Class Consciousness

"物化"是马克思《资本论》的重要概念,也是卢卡奇《历史与阶级意识》的核心范畴。笔者认为,用"超对象的对象化"来指认"对象化运动"对"对象"世界的整体颠倒,更能揭示马克思与卢卡奇的关联。卢卡奇把"超对象的对象化"指认为"对象化的形式",结果是造就"幽灵般的对象性"社会,进而导致整个社会发生"质变"。然而,被合理性物化精确计算的"对象化运动",最根本的体现是"对象化劳动"。"对象化劳动"是物化结构的承载者,在整个社会层面被精确计算的是对象化的"劳动时间","劳动时间"的"质量骤变"、"度"的节点、实践的认识都具有两重性。因此,对象化运动的新形式、新场域与新节点构建的"超对象的对象化"结构亦深藏着两重性。通过对两重性的分析,历史找到突破"超对象的对象化"运动的路径:以阶级意识的唤醒为实践行为的"本质-根据"突破整体性的物化结构,实现历史的"总体性"。

Materialization was not only an important concept in Marx's Capital,but also the core category of Lukacs'History and Class Consciousness.The author believed that the use of"Objectification of Super Objects"to identify the overall reversal of the"object"world by"Objectification Movement"could better reveal the original intention of Marx and Lukacs.Lukacs regarded"Objectification of Super Objects"as"the form of objectification",which resulted the creation of"ghostly objectification"society,and then leaded to"qualitative change"of the whole society.However,the most fundamental embodiment of the"objectified movement",which accurately calculated by reasonable materialization,was"Objectified Labor"."Objectified Labor"was the carrier of materialized structure,and the objectified labor time was precisely calculated at the whole social level.The sudden change of"quality"and"quantity"in the"labor time",and the node of"degree"and the understanding of practice all had duality.Therefore,new forms,new fields and new nodes constructed the"Objectification of Super Objects"structure,which contained duality.Through the analysis of duality,history found a way to break the"Objectification of Super Objects"movement.Based on the awakening of class consciousness,it broke the whole materialized structure and realized"totality".