采煤工作面随采地震探测技术研究进展——以贵州岩脚矿12701工作面为例

Research progress of seismic-while-mining detection technology in coal face:An case study in 12701 working face in Guizhou Yanjiao Coal Mine

随着煤矿从自动化开采向智能化开采发展,煤炭地质保障系统正在迈入精准智能探测新阶段。近十多年来,矿井槽波地震勘探技术在煤矿采掘阶段探测煤层内断层、薄煤带、陷落柱等隐蔽致灾体方面效果显著,但槽波地震探测技术在应用过程中依然存在一些问题:炸药震源应用受限,施工时对煤矿生产活动有一定影响,一致性静态探测无法实现对煤岩动力灾害的监测。随采地震以采煤机作为震源,实现对采煤工作面内静态地质构造高精度探测和开采动力灾害的监测预警,为采煤工作面的地质透明化、开采智能化提供数据支撑。该技术也逐渐成为煤矿井下地震勘探的研究热点。以贵州岩脚煤矿12701智能工作面随采地震的试验为例,介绍随采地震在采集系统设备、采集方案、采集软件和处理软件架构设计、数据处理方法和流程等方面的最新研究进展,并讨论分析探测成果。这些成果表明:①从获得的随采地震干涉记录来看,采煤机截割震动作为随采地震的震源是适合的,可以获得高信噪比的虚拟炮集记录;②设计的随采地震采集系统、观测系统、采集处理软件架构和随采地震数据处理流程是合理可行的,能够满足随采地震实时、自动、大数据量等要求,整体运行稳定性良好;③随采地震能够探测采煤工作面的静态构造和应力动态变化,可为未来工作面透明化动态地质建模、回采过程中煤岩动力灾害监测预警提供数据和技术支持。

With the development of coal mine from automatic mining to intelligent mining,coal geological support system is entering a new stage of accurate intelligent detection.In recent ten years,the technology of mine trough wave seismic exploration has achieved remarkable results in the detection of hidden disaster causing bodies such as faults,thin coal belts and collapse columns in the coal seam during the coal mining stage.However,there are still some problems in the application process of trough wave seismic detection technology:the application of explosive source is limited,the construction has a certain impact on coal mine production activities,consistent static detection can not realize the monitoring of coal and rock dynamic disasters.With the shearer as the seismic source,the mining seismic detection technology can realize the high-precision detection of static geological structure and the monitoring and early warning of mining dynamic disasters in the coal mining face,and provide data support for the geological transparency and mining intelligence of the coal mining face.This technology has gradually become the research hotspot of coal mine seismic exploration.Taking the test of mining while seismic detection technology in 12701 intelligent working face of Yanjiao coal mine in Guizhou Province as an example,the latest research progress of mining while seismic technology in acquisition system equipment,acquisition scheme,acquisition software and processing software architecture design,data processing method and processing flowchart are introduced,and the detection results are discussed and analyzed.These results show that:①According to the interference records obtained,the shearer cutting vibration is suitable as the source of the mining earthquake,which can obtain the virtual shot collection records with high signal-to-noise ratio;②the designed seismic acquisition system,observation system,acquisition and processing software architecture and seismic data processing flow are reasonable and feasible,which can meet the requirements of real-time,automatic and large amount of data③along with the mining earthquake,it can detect the static structure and dynamic stress changes in the working face,and provide data and technical support for the dynamic geological modeling of the future working face and the monitoring and early warning of coal and rock dynamic disasters in the mining process.