水下攻防武器能源动力技术发展现状及趋势

Development Status and Trend of Energy and Power Technology for Underwater Attack and Defensive Weapon

能源动力系统是水下攻防武器的心脏,其性能很大程度上影响了水下攻防武器的任务范围和作战效能。文中从分析水下攻防武器对能源动力技术的需求出发,以鱼雷和无人水下航行器为重点,梳理了水下攻防武器能源动力技术的发展现状,介绍了美国、俄罗斯、日本以及欧洲各国在能源动力技术方面的特点,从热动力能源、电动力能源、热机和电机4个方面探讨了水下攻防武器能源动力技术的发展趋势。总结得出,水下攻防作战逐渐显示出无人化和体系化的特点,要求水下攻防武器具备远航程、宽速域、大深度的能力,而能源动力技术则相应地围绕高能量密度能源、高功率密度动力2个主题持续发展。

As the heart of underwater attack and defensive weapons, energy and power systems have a significant impact on mission scope and operational effectiveness. In this study, the requirements of underwater attack and defensive weapons on energy and power systems are analyzed. The development progress of energy and power technology is summarized with emphasis on the torpedo and unmanned undersea vehicle(UUV). The technical expertise of the USA,Russia, Japan, and European countries is introduced. Finally, the trends of the energy and power technologies are discussed in terms of thermal propulsion energy, electrical propulsion energy, thermal engines, and electrical motors. In general, modern underwater attack and defensive warfare involve unmanned and systematized operations, which require a long cruise range, wide speed range, and large diving depth of underwater weapons. Accordingly, energy and power technologies are being developed with an emphasis on high energy density and high power density.