1990—2015年湖北省林地遥感制图与时空变化分析

Analysis of spatial and temporal changes and attribution discrimination of forestland in Hubei Province from 1990 to 2015

林地作为一种重要森林生态资源,在区域发展和生态环境保护中发挥了重要的基础性作用。研究基于湖北省1990—2015年(1990、1995、2000、2005、2010和2015年)6期土地利用遥感基础调查数据、DEM和气象(气温和降水)数据,借助变化率分析方法和GIS空间分析法,完成了研究区林地遥感制图分析,并对研究区近25年间林地时空变化特征及驱动因素进行深入探讨。研究表明:近25年间湖北省林地面积总体呈现出先上升后下降的趋势,其中1990—1995年林地面积增加显著,增加幅度为641.14 km^(2);2000—2005年林地面减少显著,减少762.96 km^(2);1990—2015年林地类型主要以有林地、灌木林地和其他林地为主,三者占林地总面积的95%以上;研究区林地在空间上分布较不均匀,鄂西北、西南为林地的主要集中分布区,而在江汉平原、武汉市、荆州市及江门市分布较少,整体呈零星状分布;林地变化活跃区集中在高程500—1000 m、坡度5—15°、气温17—18℃、降水1000—1200 mm的区域。在驱动因素上,自然地理要素的垂直地带性规律影响和制约林地的空间分布态势,而国家政策方针、经济因素和人类活动等因素成为影响林地分布的短期驱动因素。本研究能为湖北省林地制图、生态环境保护和综合评价提供科学依据和理论参考。

As an important forest ecological resource,woodland has played an important fundamental role in regional development and ecological environmental protection.This article was based on Hubei Province’s 1990-2015(1990,1995,2000,2005,2010 and 2015)six-phase land-use remote sensing basic survey data,DEM and meteorological(temperature and precipitation)data,with the help of change rate analysis methods and GIS spatial analysis Method,the remote sensing mapping analysis of the forest land in the study area was completed,and the spatial-temporal change characteristics and driving factors of the forest land in the nearly 25a of the study area were discussed in depth.Research shows that the area of forest land in Hubei Province has shown an upward trend and then decreased in the past 25 years.Among them,the forest land area increased significantly from 1990 to 1995,with an increase of 641.14 km^(2).The forest land area decreased significantly from 2000 to 2005,a decrease of 762.96 km^(2).The types of woodland in 2015 were mainly woodland,shrubbery land and other woodlands,which accounted for more than 95%of the total forest land area.The spatial distribution of forest land in Hubei Province is relatively uneven.Forest land is mainly distributed in the northwest and southwestern Hubei,while Wuhan,Jingzhou,and Jiangmen in the Jianghan Plain are less distributed,showing sporadic distribution.The active areas of woodland change are concentrated in areas with an elevation of 500-1000 m,a slope of 5-15°,temperature of 17-18℃,and precipitation of 1000-1200 mm.In the analysis of driving factors,the vertical zonality of natural geographical factors affects and restricts the overall distribution of forest land,and national policies and guidelines,economic factors,and human factors become short-term driving factors that affect the distribution of forest land.This research can provide scientific basis and theoretical reference for forest land mapping,ecological environment protection and comprehensive evaluation in Hubei Province.