基于树种影响土壤差异的上海市城市绿化树种初步选择

A preliminary study on urban tree species selection based on tree species effect on soil properties in Shanghai,China

树种差异对土壤养分因子的影响及其在不同地区差异对于适宜树种选择意义重大。选择上海市的5个树种(悬铃木Platanus acerifolia、香樟Cinnamomum camphora、栾树Koelreuteria paniculata、无患子Sapindus mukorossi和银杏Ginkgo biloba)以方位和距离分9个区域进行土壤采样,对土壤养分因子的12个指标进行研究。多因素方差分析显示,长期定植于类似土壤条件下,树木能够显著影响土壤养分等指标,但不同区域间存在显著差异(P<0.05)。基于多重比较结果对各指标进行标准化处理、获得综合得分排名发现,悬铃木具有较好的土壤养分维持能力,并且在每个区域的养分维持能力均处于最高水平,而银杏表现最差。银杏维持土壤中量元素能力较好,香樟维持土壤微量元素能力较好。综合分析得出,对上海市城市立地土壤养分改良较好的绿化树种为悬铃木,香樟和无患子次之,银杏表现最差。

The urban tree species could impact on soil nutrient and different patterns on soil profile are significant for appropriate tree species selection.Five tree species(Platanus acerifolia,Cinnamomum camphora,Koelreuteria paniculata,Sapindus mukurossi,and Ginkgo biloba)and their soil samples were selected and collected from nine sites based on the direction and distance in Shanghai.The soil samples were collected to measure the content of nutrient of soil to obtaine 12 index.By a multivariate analysis of variance,tree species could significantly influence most of soil parameters like soil nutrient at the same soil conditions,and soils in different areas had significant differences(P<0.05).Based on multiple comparison results,all tested parameters were standardized as scores,and comprehensive scores for nutrient factors,secondary element,and trace elements were respectively computed from above soil parameters.Much higher comprehensive scores in nutrient factors maintaining ability were observed in different areas in tree species of P.acerifolia,while the lowest scores were generally found in G.biloba.Much higher comprehensive scores in secondary element maintaining ability were observed in different areas in tree species of G.biloba,and in trace elements maintaining ability were observed in different areas in tree species of C.camphora.Our findings suggest that the optimum greening tree species in Shanghai is P.acerifolia,C.camphora and S.mukorossi are taken second place,and the worst is G.biloba.