旅游干扰对戴云山自然保护区两栖动物多样性的影响

The influence of tourism disturbance on amphibian diversity in Daiyunshan Nature Reserve

两栖动物是衡量自然保护地生态系统环境质量的指标类群,其多样性极易受到旅游干扰的影响,研究旅游干扰短期内对两栖动物多样性的影响,对实施生态保护和旅游开发具有重要指导意义。于2015—2018年在戴云山自然保护区实验区进行旅游干扰对两栖动物多样性的影响调查研究。结果表明:1)调查区域共记录有两栖动物26种,隶属于2目7科20属,其中中国特有物种12种;模式产地物种1种,即小棘蛙Quasipaa exilispinosa;新记录种4种,为小竹叶臭蛙Odorrana exiliversabilis、福建掌突蟾Leptobrachella liui、黄岗臭蛙Odorrana huanggangensis、九龙棘蛙Rana jiulongensis。2)2016—2018年旅游重度干扰区两栖物种数量显著大于旅游轻度干扰区;3)旅游重度干扰区两栖物种多样性指数大于旅游轻度干扰区,但统计上无显著差别;4)2017年和2018年旅游重度干扰区两栖物种均匀度指数显著大于旅游轻度干扰区;5)相关性分析显示旅游干扰程度对两栖物种多样性指数和均匀度指数影响不显著,对物种数量影响达到显著水平;6)空气温度和水温是影响两栖多样性的重要因素。研究结果认为目前戴云山保护区实验区生态旅游短期内对两栖动物多样性没有明显负面影响,环境因子是决定两栖动物多样性的关键因素。

Amphibian is an index group to measure the environmental quality of ecosystem in nature reserves.Its diversity is easily affected by the interference of tourism.It is of great significance to study the short-time impact of tourism interference on amphibian diversity for the implementation of ecological protection and tourism development.This study was conducted in the experimental area of Daiyunshan Nature Reserve from 2015 to 2018 to study the impact of tourism interference on amphibian diversity.The results showed that:1)there were 26 species of amphibians,belonging to 2 orders,7 families and 20 genera,including 12 species endemic to China,1 species of model origin,i.e.quasipaa exilispinosa,4 newly recorded species,including odorana exiliversabilis,leptobrachella liui,odorana huanggangensis and Rana jiulongensis.2)From 2016 to 2018,the numbers of amphibious species in the heavily disturbed areas were significantly larger than those in the lightly disturbed areas.3)The diversity index of amphibious species in the heavily disturbed areas was larger than that in the lightly disturbed areas,but there was no significant difference statistically.4)The Pielou index of amphibious species in the heavily disturbed areas in 2017 and 2018 was significantly larger than that in the lightly disturbed areas.5)The correlation analysis showed the degree of tourism interference had no significant effect on the diversity index and Pielou index of amphibian species,but had a significant effect on the number of species.6)Air temperature and water temperature were the important factors affecting amphibian diversity.The results showed that there was no obvious negative effect on amphibian diversity in Daiyunshan Nature Reserve and environmental factors were the key factors to determine amphibian diversity.