河南董寨自然保护区野外朱鹮繁殖影响因子

Influencing factors on reproduction of wild of Nipponia nippon in Dongzhai nature reserve,Henan Province

通采用人工调查,测量的方法,记录了董寨自然保护区内2016—2019年共计49个朱鹮巢穴各项数据,通过分析获得朱鹮巢穴所在位置的气象因子、海拔、郁闭度、巢-觅距、干扰因素等因素与朱鹮窝卵数和繁殖成功率相互关系。结果表明:董寨自然保护区自2016年野化放飞朱鹮到2019年止,野外巢穴数量逐渐增加,营巢区域不断扩大,但营巢地点相对集中;朱鹮选择筑巢树种多为马尾松,选择频次显著高于黄山松(P<0.05)。气象因子(温度和降水量)、朱鹮营巢地海拔、筑巢树种、营巢地林间郁闭度、巢—觅距及人为干扰因素并不影响朱鹮的窝卵数,但营巢地海拔(P<0.001)、巢—觅距(P=0.001)显著影响朱鹮的繁殖成功率,营巢地海拔越高,巢—觅距越短,朱鹮的繁殖成功率越高;干扰因素中人为干扰对朱鹮繁殖成功率的影响比种间竞争和天敌大,人为干扰强度越大,朱鹮的繁殖成功率越低。朱鹮繁殖影响因子的研究为提高董寨自然保护区朱鹮野外繁殖成功率,当地保护部门更好的保护野外朱鹮提供科学依据。

The data of 49 Nipponia nippon nests in Dongzhai nature reserve from 2016 to 2019 were recorded by means of artificial investigation and measurement.The relationship between the meteorological factors,altitude,canopy density,nest seeking distance,interference factors and the clutch size,the breeding success rate were obtained through analysis.The results show that since 2016 to 2019 in Dongzhai nature reserve,the number of nests was gradually increasing in the wild and the area of nesting area expanding,but position of nesting was relatively concentrated.Pinus massoniana was the most of the tree species selected by N.nippon,and the selection frequency was significantly higher than Pinus taiwanensis(P<0.05).Meteorological factors(temperature and precipitation),altitude,canopy density,nest seeking distance and human interference factors did not affect the clutch size,but altitude(P<0.001)and nest seeking distance(P=0.001)had a greater impact on the breeding success rate of N.nippon in the field.The higher altitude,the shorter nest seeking distance was,and the higher breeding success rate was.The human interference had a greater impact on breeding success rate of N.nippon than interspecific competition and natural enemies.The research on the breeding factors of N.nippon provides scientific basis for improving the breeding success rate of N.nippon in the wild in Dongzhai nature reserve,and for the local protection department to better protect the wild N.nippon.