南京鱼嘴湿地公园植物多样性研究

Study on plant diversity of Yuzui wetland park in Nanjing

以南京市鱼嘴湿地公园原生湿地为研究对象,基于东西向湿地主岸线,选取10个典型大样方,运用典型样方法对该区植物群落多样性开展调查,计算物种重要值、Pielou、Margalef和Shannon-Winner多样性指数等指标。结果表明:(1)本区共有植物24科45属47种,以禾本科、菊科、豆科为主;(2)芦苇、蒌蒿、水芹、马兰、桑树和泥胡菜等物种重要值较高;(3)Pielou均匀度指数:草本层>乔木层>灌木层,Margalef丰富度指数:草本层>乔木层>灌木层,Shannon-Winner多样性指数:草本层>乔木层>灌木层;(4)草本层均匀度高、物种丰富,灌木层和乔木层物种稀少且单一、均匀度低、数量偏少、种植集中,建议未来丰富乔灌植物种类与数量,优化种植空间结构以丰富四季景观、增强区域生态系统服务功能。

Taking the original wetland of Yuzui Wetland Park in Nanjing as the research object,the plant community diversity was investigated by sample method.In this study,10 typical large samples were selected along the main shoreline from east to west,and the plants in the samples were recorded.The important value,evenness index,richness index and diversity index of the species were calculated to reflect the plant diversity in the park.The results showed that:(1)there were 24 families including 45 genera and 47 species and the dominant families were Gramineae,Asteraceae and Fabaceae.(2)The important values of Phragmites communis,Artemisia argyi,Oenanthe javanica,Kalimeris indica,Morus alba were relative higher.(3)Pielou evenness index was herbaceous layer>tree layer>shrub layer;Margalef richness index was herb layer>tree layer>shrub layer;Shannon-Winner diversity index was herb layer>tree layer>shrub layer.(4)Herb layer was with high evenness and richness,but shrub and arbor layers with single species.The species richness and quantity should be enriched to optimize the spatial structure of plant communities and seasonal landscape,as well as to enhance the regional ecosystem service function.