“诂”字增义释疑

Supplement the Original Meaning of the Word“Gu(诂)”

从其字形来看,“诂”的本义是以今言解释古言。在一些辞典中,则增加了“以通语解释方言”之义。由于时人对“训诂”与“诂”的语义未加区分,又误认为“异言”包含方言,加之对《尔雅·释诂》中的“诂”认识不清,因而为“诂”增义。“古今异言”不可割裂理解,“异言”并不包含方言,而“诂”是《尔雅》解释体式的一种,只有“解释”之义,并无“以方言分释诂篇”一说。同时,《方言》是从历时的角度进行收集工作,对共时层面的着墨又大于历时层面,因此,并不能从“方言”所体现出历时层面的语言差异而为“诂”增义。为确保辞典释义的客观性和严谨性,不宜对“诂”增释共时层面的语义。

The original meaning of“gu(诂)”is to explain ancient Chinese in modern language.In some dictionaries,the meaning of“explaining dialects in common language”has been added.Due to the lack of distinction between the meanings of“xungu(训诂)”and“gu(诂)”,people mistakenly thought that“dissenting words”included dialects,and hold a vague recognition of“gu(诂)”in Erya Shigu(《尔雅·释诂》).So they mistakenly added meanings to“gu(诂)”.But“words variations in both ancient and modern times”cannot be understood separately,“dissenting words”does not contain dialects.While“gu(诂)”is one of the interpretive styles in Erya(《尔雅》),which only means“interpretation”,and there is no“interpreting Shigu(释诂)by dialects”.Moreover,language materials were collected chronologically in Fangyan(《方言》),with more ink on the perspective of synchronic than on the perspective of diachronic.In conclusion,we cannot add meaning to“gu(诂)”by reflecting the linguistic differences in Fangyan(方言).In order to ensure the authority and rigor of the dictionary interpretation,it is not appropriate to add synchronic meaning to the interpretation of“gu(诂)”.