以《论语》为主探讨儒家德行与学问的关系

Based on the Analects of Confucius Discusses the Relationship between Confucian Virtue and Learning

本文认为"四教"是教学次序,文先德后,由浅入深;"四科"是教育次序,德先文后,由本而末。儒家强调志道、据德、依仁的道德理想追求,也重视游艺的日常生活实践;在德行与学文的关系上德行为本,学文为末;道德实践是人生根本,学问知识是实现道德的基本途径;德性要成为德行,必须好学,关键是学会中庸之道。儒家道与学相辅相成,下学上达,由学致道,目标是成就圣贤人格。《论语》德行与学问的关系,为后来《中庸》"尊德性而道问学"埋下了伏笔。

The paper holds that the “four teaching” is the teaching order, the literature first after virtue, from shallow to deep;“Four subjects” is the order of education, the virtue first after literature, from the root to the branchs. Confucianism emphasizes the pursuit of moral ideals, such as aspire to Way, according to Virtue and rely on Benevolence, and also attaches importance to the daily life various Artistic activities;in the relationship between virtue and learning literature, virtue is the root and learning literature is the branchs;moral practice is the basis of life, and knowledge is the basic way to realize morality;if moral nature is to become virtue, we must learn to learn, the key is to learn the golden mean. Confucian Tao and learning complement each other, from studies lie low to penetration rises high, by learning to the Tao, and the goal is to achieve the personality of sages. The relationship between Confucian virtue and learning in the Analects of Confucius laid the groundwork for “honours his moral nature, and maintains constant inqury and syudy” in the Doctrine of the Mean.