美国反种族歧视的“黑命亦命”运动探析

The History,Ideas,Propositions and Controversies of the“Black Lives Matter”Movement

“黑命亦命”运动在美国兴起,也引起了全世界的关注。这一运动利用社交媒体形成了多元化、网络化等优势,在观念、主张与行为等方面表现出独有的特征。在观念维度,“黑命亦命”运动以反种族主义为核心,衍生出与平等主义、社群主义、女权主义和国际主义等紧密结合的观念。在政策主张维度,“黑命亦命”运动致力于反对系统性歧视,推动警察与司法体制改革,并主张边界开放、自由移民,实现经济正义,改革家庭结构,以“艺术+文化”项目培育黑人文化认同等要求。“黑命亦命”运动引发了较为激烈的争论,这些争论不仅揭示了“黑命亦命”运动的困境,也反映了美国政治文化的结构性矛盾。

The"Black Lives Matter"(BLM)movement arose in the United States and attracted worldwide attention.This movement uses social media to form advantages such as diversification and networking,and exhibits unique characteristics in terms of ideas,propositions and actions.In the dimension of ideas,the BLM movement takes anti-racism as its core from which concepts are derived such as egalitarianism,communitarianism,feminism and internationalism.In terms of policy,the BLM movement is committed to opposing systemic discrimination,pushing the reform of the police and judicial systems,promoting open borders and free immigration,achieving economic justice,reforming family structure,and nurturing Black cultural identity with the"art+cultureM project and other requirements.The BLM movement has caused more intense controversies.These controversies not only reveal the plight of the BLM movement,but also reflect the structural contradictions of American political culture.