安东尼·史密斯族群-象征主义理论发展评析

Development of Anthony D.Smith's Ethno-Symbolism

族群-象征主义和现代主义是当代西方民族理论中最具影响力的两种思想。20世纪80年代以来,安东尼·史密斯在其论著中常有提及族群-象征主义与现代主义并非对立的观点。在2009年出版的《族群-象征主义与民族主义:一种文化方法》一书中,他明确指出族群-象征主义旨在补充和修正现代主义:以长时段的历史分析修正现代主义对“现代”的单一关注,以大众的影响修正现代主义对精英作用的“过度”重视,以情感因素的作用修正现代主义对民族主义物质利益动机的“过分”强调。安东尼·史密斯关于族群-象征主义和现代主义关系的深入揭示,展示出族群-象征主义理论的新发展,为理解当代西方民族理论提供了更为全面的视角。

Ethno-symbolism and modernism are the two most influential thoughts in modern western theories on nation and nationalism.Since the 1980s,Anthony D.Smith has often mentioned in his works that ethno-symbolism is not in opposition to modernism.In his book Ethno-Symbolism and Nationalism:A Cultural Approach published in 2009,Smith clearly points out that ethno-symbolism aims to supplement and revise modernism.It revises modernism's single focus on"modern"with a long-term historical analysis.It revises modernism's"excessive"emphasis on the role of the elite with the important role of the masses.And it revises the"excessive"emphasis of modernism on the objective motives of nationalism with the effect of emotional factors.Anthony D.Smith's in-depth exposition of the relationship between ethno-symbolism and modernism shows the new development of ethno-symbolism theory and provides a more comprehensive perspective for understanding contemporary western theories on nation and nationalism.