实验室感染布鲁氏菌病的预防与控制

Prevention and control of laboratory-acquired brucellosis

布鲁氏菌病(布病)是人兽共患病和我国法定的乙类传染病,给畜牧业生产、畜产品质量和公共卫生安全带来严重危害。布鲁氏菌易通过皮肤、黏膜、呼吸道和消化道感染人,是最常见的感染实验室人员的病原细菌。近年来我国布病流行较为严重,从事布病检测和研究的任务较重,为了避免和降低实验室布鲁氏菌感染风险,切实保护检验及科研人员生命安全和健康,笔者通过查阅文献并结合自身的实验室生物安全管理经验,根据实验室全面质量管理要求,从实验室人员、设备、样本、检测和环境等控制要素入手,探讨布病感染风险识别和评价,提出预防控制措施。该文在实验室生物安全操作和安全防护方面,对实验室操作人员具有指导意义和参考作用。

Brucellosis is a zoonotic infectious disease in class B in China,causing seriously impairs and heavy burdens on animal husbandry,animal products and public health.Brucella is regarded as the most common laboratory-acquired bacteria around the world,which can easily infect people through skin,mucosa,respiratory and digestive tracts.The prevalence of brucellosis has become serious in China in recent years,and laboratory staff engaged in brucellosis detection and research are at risk to be infected.In order to prevent and reduce the risk of laboratory-acquired Brucella infection and effectively protect the health of laboratory staff,this paper,based on the results of literature retrieval and laboratory practice,discuss the identification and evaluation of brucellosis risk and suggest prevention and control measures in terms of personnel,equipment,sample,detection procedures and working environment according to the requirement of overall laboratory quality control,which might be beneficial for the biosafety operation and personal safety protection in laboratories.