2020年广东省深圳市一起由人冠状病毒NL63引起的上呼吸道感染聚集性疫情流行病学分析

Epidemiological analysis on an upper respiratory tract infection outbreak caused by human coronavirus NL63 in Shenzhen,Guangdong,2020

目的分析一起由人冠状病毒NL63(HCoV-NL63)感染引起的上呼吸道感染聚集性疫情的流行病学特点,为今后针对冠状病毒的预防控制提供依据。方法对2020年广东省深圳市一起由HCoV-NL63感染引起的上呼吸道感染聚集性疫情进行现场流行病学调查,并采用描述性流行病学方法进行分析。结果2020年8月24—29日,某看守所A、B两个监仓120名在押人员中,出现上呼吸道感染症状病例43例,发病高峰在27—29日。A、B监仓罹患率分别为55.0%(33/60)、16.7%(10/60),差异有统计学意义。两个监仓检出HCoV-NL63病毒阳性者43例,感染率为35.8%(43/120),其中A仓为51.7%(31/60),B仓为20.0%(12/60),差异有统计学意义。两个监仓的隐性感染率为16.7%(20/120),其中A仓为20.0%(12/60),B仓为13.3%(8/60)。病例临床症状以咽痛、咳嗽、流涕等为主。50~59岁年龄组人群的罹患率和感染率较高,但各年龄组差异无统计学意义。结论HCoV-NL63在密集环境人群中易引起上呼吸道感染暴发,需加强此类场所HCoV-NL63等人冠状病毒的防控。

Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of an upper respiratory tract infection outbreak caused by human coronavirus NL63(HCoV-NL63)and improve the prevention measures against coronavirus infection.Methods The field epidemiological investigation was carried out for an upper respiratory tract infection outbreak in Shenzhen,Guangdong,2020.The descriptive epidemiology was used to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of the outbreak.Results A total of 43 upper respiratory tract infection cases were detected from 120 individuals under detention in 2 cells of a detention centers on 24th–29th August,2020.The peak was during 27th–29th August.The attack rates in cell A and cell B were 55.0%(33/60)and 16.7%(10/60),respectively.The difference was significant.HCoV-NL63 was detected in all the 43 upper respiratory tract infection cases,and the infection rate was 35.8%(43/120).The infection rates in cell A and cell B were 51.7%(31/60)and 20.0%(12/60),respectively,and the difference was significant.The overall asymptomatic infection rate was 16.7%(20/120),which was 20.0%(12/60)in cell A and 13.3%(8/60)in cell B.The main symptoms were sore throat,cough and rhinorrhea.The attack rate and infection rate were highest in age group 50–59 years,but the differences had no significance among different age groups.Conclusion HCoV-NL63 is more likely to cause upper respiratory tract infection outbreaks in the unventilated and crowded places.The prevention measures are needed in these places against the human coronavirus,such as HCoV-NL63.