城市家具设计的理论、方法与问题研究

Research on the Theories,Methods and Problems of Urban Furniture Design

城市家具设计是工业设计与城市设计学科交叉研究的重要领域,有必要对设计理论、方法与问题展开总结。文章运用归纳法对2000年以来“城市家具”为主题的中文核心期刊文献进行综述。结果表明,设计理论研究具有“设施说”“空间说”“家具说”“道具说”“街道说”五个视角,形成了“目标导向”和“问题导向”两大范式,反映出公共政策性、文化地域性、社会服务性、环境根植性四项特征。设计方法研究涉及人性设计、理性设计、感性设计三重维度,三者通过核心价值观念指引,科学分析手段支撑,情感交互机制反馈形成方法体系。设计问题研究分别关注配置低效与特色缺失等表层问题,关联薄弱与缺乏指引等里层问题以及标准空白与管理落后等深层问题。未来应借助复合型理论,运用跨学科方法,聚焦现实性问题,推动城市家具设计的理论丰富、方法创新和问题解决。

Urban furniture design is an important field of interdisciplinary research between industrial design and urban design.It is necessary to summarize the design theory,methods and problems.This paper summarizes the literature of Chinese core journals with the theme of“urban furniture”since 2000.The results show that the research of design theory has five perspectives of“facility theory”,“space theory”,“furniture theory”,“props theory”and“street theory”,forming two paradigms of“goal orientation”and“problem orientation”,which reflect four characteristics of public policy,cultural regionality,social service and environmental embeddedness.The research on design methods involves three dimensions:humanistic design,rational design and perceptual design,formulating a method system with the guidance of core values,the support of scientific analysis and the feedback of emotional interaction mechanism.The research on design problems respectively focuses on the surface problems such as inefficient allocation and lack of characteristics,the inner problems such as weak correlation and lack of guidance,as well as the deep problems such as standard blank and backward management.In the future,we should focus on practical problems with the help of compound theory and interdisciplinary method,so as to advance the theoretical enrichment,method innovation and problem-solving ability of urban furniture design.