监察法规的法律位阶问题研究

Research on the Legal Hierarchy of Supervision Regulations

2018年先后通过的《宪法修正案》和《监察法》,使国家监察体制改革成果得以法治化。但是,作为最高监察机关的国家监察委员会,并未被明确赋予制定监察法规的法定职权。由于国家监察体制改革的不断深入和《监察法》贯彻落实的客观需要,2019年全国人大常委会以《决定》的方式,明确规定了国家监察委员会可以制定监察法规。在国家监察委员会获得监察法规制定权的背景下,监察法规的法律位阶便成了一个亟待明确的问题。通过借鉴行政法规的划分理论,对监察法规进行类型化,将其区分为职权性监察法规、授权性监察法规和执行性监察法规,进而准确厘定监察法规的法律位阶。

The Amendment to the Constitution and the Supervision Law, Promulgated successively in 2018, have enabled the results of the reform on the national supervisory system to be governed by the rule of law. However, the National Supervisory Commission, as the highest state supervision organ, was not explicitly entrusted with the legitimate authority to formulate the supervision regulations. Due to the continuous deepening of the reform of the supervisory system and the objective need for the implementation of the Supervision Law, the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress in 2019 adopted a decision to clarify that the National Supervisory Commission can formulate supervision regulations. In the context of the National Supervisory Commission’s right to formulate supervision regulations, the legal hierarchy of the supervision regulations has been an urgent problem. By drawing on the classification theory of administrative regulations, the supervision regulations will be classified into powerful supervision rugulations, authorized supervision regulations and executive supervision regulations, and then the legal hierarchy of supervision regulations will be accurately determined.