炼化含油污泥中有机污染物的提取与分析

EXTRACTION AND ANALYSIS OF ORGANIC POLLUTIONS IN OIL SLUDGE OF REFINERY

以中国石化某炼化分公司罐底油泥为原料,考察了甲苯、石油醚、烃类和醇类复配溶剂、石脑油和汽油对含油污泥中有机污染物的萃取效果,选择最优萃取剂进行复配,得到了高萃取率的复合萃取剂,同时考察了剂泥比、萃取温度、萃取时间、搅拌速率对含油污泥有机污染物萃取率的影响,并对提取出的有机污染物和尾砂中的多环芳烃含量进行了测定。结果表明:在复合萃取剂(甲苯烃类和醇类复配溶剂)质量配比为6∶4、剂泥质量比为3、萃取温度为70℃、萃取时间为30 min、搅拌速率为1000 r/min的条件下,复合萃取剂对含油污泥中有机污染物的萃取率可达95%以上,萃取量可达0.159 g/mL;提取出的有机污染物中多环芳烃质量分数达到了1579.87μg/g,其中7种致癌的多环芳烃占44%,潜在的致癌风险较大;尾砂中多环芳烃质量分数小于6μg/g,可直接排放,用作园地、牧草地土壤,不会对环境造成危害。

The effects of toluene,petroleum ether,compound solvent of hydrocarbon and alcohol,naphtha and gasoline as solvent on the extraction of organic pollutants from tank bottom oil sludge were investigated.The optimum extractants were selected to obtain a compound extractant with high extraction rate.The effects of the ratio of extractant to sludge,extraction temperature,extraction time and stirring rate on the extraction efficiency were studied,and the content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)in the extracted organic pollutants and tailings was also determined.The results showed that the extraction rate could reach more than 95%,and the extraction volume could reach 0.1590 g/mL,when the compound extractant ratio(toluene compound solvent of hydrocarbon and alcohol)was 6∶4,the ratio of extractant to sludge was 3,the extraction temperature was 70℃,the extraction time was 30 min,and the stirring rate was 1000 r/min.The total content of PAHs in the extracted organic pollutants was 1579.87μg/g,and carcinogens(∑CPAHs)accounted for 44%,indicating that there was a great potential carcinogenic risk.The PAHs of tailings was less than 6μg/g,which could be directly discharged or used as garden land and pasture soil without harm to the environment.