中国城市践行联合国可持续发展目标11的进展评估

Assessment of the Progress of Chinese Cities in Implementing UN Sustainable Development Goal 11

可持续发展是全球最重要的议题之一,对城市的可持续发展进行评估监测的重要理论基础是联合国可持续发展目标11(SDG11)。作者通过解构SDG11目标体系,提炼SDG11的理论内核并建立与其相对应的指标体系,以全球1006个50万人口以上城市的监测结果为基础,对中国291个城市SDG11的完成度进行了评估。研究发现:全球城市在SDG11的完成度方面整体呈现"两头小、中间大"的纺锤形结构;中国城市的表现略高于全球平均水平,但住房保障、高效交通、环境治理是当前面临的主要短板。从区域来看,东北地区在高效交通和防灾减灾方面居于领先,西部地区要特别注意遗产保护方面的建设,东部地区要积极应对防灾减灾的挑战。从全球维度来看,在SDG11完成度方面居于领先的城市往往是中等规模且市民收入高的城市,而中国的头部城市往往人口规模偏大,且在住房和交通方面和国际参照差距明显。坚持对标国际标准,正确认识目前存在的问题,有利于中国城市在未来更好响应国际社会号召,共同推进包容、可持续的城市化进程。

Sustainable development is one of the most important issues in the world.The key theoretical basis for the evaluation and monitoring of urban sustainable development is the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 11(SDG11).By deconstructing the SDG11 target system,refining the theoretical core of SDG11,and establishing the corresponding index system,this study evaluates the progress of the implementation of SDG11 in 291 cities of China based on the monitoring results of 1006 cities with a population of more than 500,000 in the world.The results show that:in terms of the completion degree of SDG11,cities globally present a spindle structure.The performance of Chinese cities is slightly higher than the global average,but housing security,efficient transportation and environmental governance are the main shortcomings.From a regional point of view,Northeast China is in the lead because of efficient transportation and disaster prevention and mitigation,followed by Central China,Eastern China and Western China are facing the challenges of disaster prevention and mitigation and heritage protection.From a global perspective,the cities with the leading SDG11 completion degree are usually medium-sized cities with high citizen income,while the leading cities in China are often larger in scale,and there is a significant gap between them and the international reference in terms of housing and transportation.Bench-marking with international leading standards and correctly understanding current problems will help Chinese cities in the future better respond to the call of the international community and jointly promote an inclusive and sustainable urbanization process.