古希腊父权制社会视角下的雅典娜形象分析

An Analysis of Athena’s Image in the Context of Patriarchal Society in Ancient Greece

在古希腊神话体系中,女神雅典娜作为奥林波斯的核心神祇之一,具有智慧女神、战争之神、城邦守护神在内的多重身份,是古希腊神话艺术中的一抹瑰红。但不管是在荷马史诗、《神谱》等古希腊文学作品,还是在众多留存的艺术墙体雕刻与描绘中,作为希腊神话中的核心女性神祇,雅典娜并不能被视为希腊女性形象的代表。因为,其有关无母的神话起源、中性气质、处女神以及雅典城邦守护神的身份,不过是被人们用一种不自觉的艺术方式加工过的自然和社会形式本身。实际上,雅典娜的形象是服务于古希腊父权制社会的。

In Greek mythology,the goddess Athena,as one of the core goddesses of Olympus,has multiple important identities including the goddess of wisdom,the goddess of war and the patron goddess of city-state.She is an important female image in ancient Greek mythological art.However,an in-depth study will reveal that whether it is in ancient Greek literary works such as the Homeric epics,Hesiod’s Theogony,or in the many preserved wall carvings and paintings,Athena cannot be regarded as a representative of Greek female image.Her motherless origin,androgynous traits,and her identity as the virgin goddess and patron goddess of Athens are the results of the natural order and social structure of ancient Greece processed by its people in an unconscious and artistic way.The image of Athena,in fact,served the patriarchal society of ancient Greece.