荀子人性论的创造--以“情性-知性”二元结构为线索

The Creation of Xunzi’s Theory of Human Nature--Taking the Dual Structure of“Emotional Nature and Intellectual Nature”as the Clue

“情性-知性”构成荀子人性论基本的二元结构,但当“伪”提出后,就过渡为“性-伪”结构。以心治性,即以知性对治情性,而这仅是荀子理论的一个面向;另一个面向是情性和知性的合作、配合而成伪。荀子对情、欲均有正反两种看法,情性和知性既有相互对立的一面,也有相互合作、配合的一面。接着,我们集中分析了《正名》篇对“性”“伪”的界定,考察了知性在经验层的特殊性。据此,我们重释了荀子《正名》的人性论结构。荀子提出“伪”是伟大的创造,荀子的“伪”是以先天人性为基础的伪,是人性先天所予性和后天完成性的统一,反映荀子天生人成的理论面向。

“Emotional nature and intellectual nature”constitute the basic dual structure of Xunzi’s theory of human nature,but when the“artifice”(伪)is proposed,it is transformed into the“nature-artifice”structure.To govern nature by heart-mind(心)means to govern emotional nature by intellectual nature,which is only one aspect of Xunzi’s theory.Another aspect is the cooperation between emotional and intellectual nature.Xunzi has positive and negative views on emotion and desire.Emotional nature and intellectual nature are opposite to each other,and they also cooperate with each other.Then,we focus on the definition of“nature”and“artifice”in Zhengming,and investigate the particularity of intellectual nature in the experiential level.First,the innate intellectual nature belongs to nature,but the acquired behavior and operation of intellectual nature belongs to artifice;Second,intellectual nature needs to be completed in experience.The innate intellect of human beings is only the initial intellect which has fragility.The cultivation of Li(礼)and righteousness(义)and the acquired efforts are the training of intellectual nature.On this basis,we re-interpret the human nature structure of Xunzi’s Zhengming.Xunzi’s“artifice”is a great creation,and his“artifice”is based on innate human nature,which is the unity of innate given nature and acquired nature,and reflects his theoretical orientation of the unity of nature and conscious exertion.