青年马克思伦理批判科学化的三个标志

Three Signs of Scientific Criticism of Young Marx s Ethics

关于马克思是否将资本主义从伦理角度进行批判的问题,始终是学界关注的焦点。但马克思思想形成阶段的青年马克思思想所发起的资本主义批判的研究却长期被忽视,而这个阶段恰恰被认为是马克思从伦理批判转向科学批判的历史阶段,故而马克思逐渐形成的科学批判中是否存在伦理内容就成为争论的中心。对于这个问题,除了将马克思成熟思想作为已有结论研究马克思是否对资本主义进行了伦理批判之外,对于形成史意义上的青年马克思思想对资本主义的考察,更容易看到马克思对资本主义伦理批判发展的内在脉络。青年马克思在发现唯物史观的过程中,用劳动伦理代替抽象伦理、用历史次序代替上帝之城、用现实解放代替终极自由,这个过程并非一种对资本主义伦理批判的排除,而是对这种伦理批判形成了隐蔽,将其整合进了事实与规范、科学与伦理、历史与现实相统一的全新的政治哲学之中。

The question of whether Marx criticized capitalism from an ethical perspective has always been the focus of academic circles. However, the research on capitalist criticism initiated by the young Marx thought during the formation stage of Marx s thought has been ignored for a long time, and this stage is regarded as the historical stage of Marx s transition from ethical criticism to scientific criticism. Therefore, whether there is ethical content in Marx s gradual scientific critique has become the center of controversy. Regarding this question, in addition to using Marx s mature thought as an existing conclusion to study whether Marx has made ethical criticism of capitalism, it is easier to see Marx s ethics of capitalism from the investigation of capitalism by the young Marx s thought in the historical sense. In this way, it is easier to see the inner thread of the development of Marx s criticism of capitalist ethics. In the process of discovering historical materialism, young Marx replaced abstract ethics with labor ethics, replaced the city of God with historical order, and replaced ultimate freedom with reality liberation. This process is not an exclusion of capitalist ethical criticism, but a concealment of this ethical criticism. It is integrated into a new political philosophy that unites facts and norms, science and ethics, history and reality.