马克思的唯物史观在政治经济学批判中的三重深化

The Triple Deepening of Marx’s Historical Materialism in the Critique of Political Economy

马克思的唯物史观并不是一开始就建立起来的封闭体系,而是一种理解社会与历史的根本方法,并且有其自身形态深化的过程。在政治经济学批判乃至《资本论》中,人类历史通过内在矛盾运动从而获得内生的批判与革命意义这一抽象的客观规律,最终获得了政治经济学在科学上的论证,这也意味着唯物史观的进一步深化。这一深化过程以唯物史观自身的三重转型为特征,一是对象转型;二是矛盾转型;三是视角转型。由此,这一新形态不仅指示出政治经济学批判根本上的历史唯物主义性质,而且指示出唯物史观更为丰富的理论内涵、更为复杂的形态建构与更为根本的方法论意义。

Marx’s historical materialism is not a closed system established at the beginning, but a fundamental method of understanding society and history, and has its own process of deepening its form. In the critique of political economy and Capital, human history obtains the revolutionary meaning through the movement of internal contradictions, which is an abstract objective law, and finally proved to be scientific in the critique of political economy. The process also means further deepening of historical materialism. This deepening process is characterized by the three transformations of the historical materialism. The first is the transformation of objects;the second is the transformation of contradictions;the third is the perspective transformation. Thus,this new form not only indicates the fundamental nature of historical materialism in the criticism of political economy, but also indicates a richer theoretical connotation, a more complex construction and more fundamental methodological significance of the historical materialism.