中国技术空间雁行式变迁缩小了地区经济差异吗——基于地区间技术邻近度的假说和实证

Does the Flying-Geese-Model Change in China’s Technology Space Narrow Regional Economic Differences?Hypothesis and Demonstration Based on Technological Proximity between Regions

近30年来,东部地区的低知识、低技术密集型技术逐渐转移至中西部地区,中国地区间技术变化呈现出雁行式变迁的特征。本文通过测算地区技术邻近度等指标,构建地区技术空间,揭示了1990—2016年中国技术邻近度提升表现出从以中等邻近水平为主转变为以高邻近水平为主的两阶段特征;技术中心度不断提高且区域分布差异扩大,中部地区技术中心度逐渐超越东北和东部地区;各区域技术多样性均逐年增加,东部地区处于领先地位,中部地区表现出明显追赶趋势等典型事实。实证检验发现,地区间技术邻近度的提高对缩小地区经济差距具有显著的促进作用,对东部与中西部间、经济水平相近地区间的促进作用更加明显。本文的政策含义是,地方政府应积极探索区域科技交流合作机制,加快产业结构调整,选择地区适宜技术,增强本地技术的转化能力,形成地区技术优势,发挥地区间技术和经济上的协同作用,缩小地区间的经济增长差距,推动区域均衡发展。

In the past 30 years,the low-knowledge and low-intensive technology in the eastern region has been gradually transferred to the central and western regions,and the technological changes among regions in China have shown the characteristics of the flying geese model.By measuring the regional technological proximity and other indicators,this paper constructs the regional technology space,and reveals the two-stage characteristics of China’s technological proximity upgrading from the medium level to the high level from 1990 to 2016;the technology centrality of the central region gradually surpasses that of the northeast and eastern regions;the technological diversity of each region is increasing year by year,the eastern region is in the leading position,and the central region is obviously catching up.The empirical tests find that the improvement in technological proximity between regions has a significant role in narrowing the regional economic gap,and the role is more obvious between the eastern region and the central and western regions,and between regions at the similar economic level.The policy implication is that local governments should actively explore mechanisms to promote regional science and technology exchange and cooperation,speed up the structural adjustment of industries,choose technologies that suit local conditions,enhance the ability to commercialize local technology,form regional technological advantages,give play to the regional synergy in technology development and economic growth,narrow the economic growth gap and promote balanced development between regions.