哈尔滨市地下水中29种抗生素分布特征研究

Distribution Characteristics of 29 Antibiotics in Groundwater in Harbin

当前对抗生素滥用监管及其研究正在加强,近年来中国主要水域中抗生素均有不同程度的检出,地表水及地下水中抗生素的污染状况持续受到关注。因进入环境中的抗生素种类繁多、结构复杂,一般实验室难以实现同时分析多种类抗生素。本文在哈尔滨市共采集地下水样品26组,采样范围包括人口密集、工业生产、农畜业等生活生产地区。利用超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆串联质谱联用技术分析了样品中的磺胺类、喹诺酮类、大环内酯类、β-内酰胺类、四环素类、林可酰胺类等6大类共29种典型抗生素含量,研究了哈尔滨市地下水中典型抗生素的检出及分布状况。结果表明:①哈尔滨市地下水中6大类典型抗生素均有不同程度检出,其中以磺胺类、喹诺酮类、大环内酯类、四环素类为主,检出率分别为61.5%、46.2%、42.3%、38.5%;②哈尔滨市地下水检出的抗生素含量范围在0.02~612ng/L之间,其中磺胺噻唑、磺胺嘧啶、林可霉素检出的最高浓度超过100ng/L,相比于国内外部分地区(如中国北京、天津,西班牙巴塞罗那)喹诺酮类整体含量偏低;③检出抗生素含量较高的采样点位主要分布在城市的中部、南部和东部地区,这些区域也是该市人口相对密集区,且附近普遍分布有制药厂、家禽牲畜养殖厂、城市排污口等。由此揭示了哈尔滨市城市地下水中抗生素分布特征受人类生产生活活动影响且具有明显的相关性。

BACKGROUND:At present,the supervision of antibiotic abuse and its research is being strengthened.In recent years,antibiotics have been detected in varying degrees in water in central China.This reinforces the concern of the pollution of antibiotics in surface and groundwater.OBJECTIVES:To investigate the distribution characteristics of 29 antibiotics in groundwater in Harbin.METHODS:A total of 26 groups of groundwater samples were collected in Harbin,and the sampling scope included habitation and production areas such as densely populated,industrial production,agricultural districts and animal husbandry.The ultra-performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry method was used to analyze 29 kinds of antibiotics covering six types,including sulfonamides,quinolones,macrolides,β-lactams,tetracyclines,and lincosamides.RESULTS:Antibiotics in the groundwater of Harbin were mainly composed of sulfonamides,quinolones,macrolides and tetracyclines and the detection rates were 61.5%,46.2%,42.3%and 38.5%,respectively.The content of antibiotics detected ranged from 0.02 to 681ng/L,and the highest contents of sulfathiazole,sulfadiazine,and lincomycin were more than 100ng/L.The average content of quinolones was low compared with some domestic and international areas(such as Beijing,Tianjin,and Barcelona).Sampling sites with higher antibiotic levels were mainly found in the central,southern and eastern regions of the city.These areas are also relatively densely populated and are generally distributed around pharmaceutical factories,urban sewage outlets,and poultry and livestock farms.CONCLUSIONS:The distribution characteristics of antibiotics in groundwater in Harbin are strongly related to the impact of human production and living activities.